Les Temps de Verbes

Question 1

futur proche - conjugation

Answer 1

present tense aller + infinitive

Question 2

futur proche - use

Answer 2

“to be going to”

EX: je vais travailler ici –> I am going to work here

Question 3

futur simple - conjugation

Answer 3

infinitive + ending
-ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont

-re verbs drop the final “e” first

Question 4

futur simple - use

Answer 4

something that will take place in the future

EX: je parlerai –> I will speak

Question 5

futur simple - prononciation

Answer 5

for -er verbs:
if the infinitive stem ends with 2 pronounced consonants (ex: parler –> paRLer) then the “e” in -er is pronounced

if the infinitive stem ends with 1 pronounced consonant (ex: dîner –> dîNer) then the “e” in -er is not pronounced

Question 6

futur simple - exceptions: -yer

Answer 6

-yer verbs use the il/elle form + “r” rather than the infinitive

EX:
employer (il emploie) --> j'emploierai
ennuyer (il ennuie) --> j'ennuierai
essayer (il essaie) --> j'essaierai
nettoyer (nettoie) --> je nettoierai

Question 7

futur simple - exceptions: -e-

Answer 7

some verbs with -e- in the infinitive use the il/elle form + “r” rather than the infinitive

EX:
acheter (il achète) --> j'achèterai
lever (il lève) --> je lèverai
mener (il mène) --> je mènerai
appeler (il appelle) --> j'appellerai
jeter (il jette) --> je jetterai

Question 8

futur simple - exceptions: irregular verbs

Answer 8

irregular verbs have irregular stems + the normal future endings

EX:
aller --> j'irai
avoir --> j'aurai
être --> je serai
faire --> je ferai
savoir --> je saurai
falloir --> il faudra
vouloir --> je voudrai
devoir --> je devrai
pouvoir --> je pourrai
venir --> je viendrai

Question 9

futur simple - special uses

Answer 9

the future tense is used after some conjunctions (quand, lorsque, au moment où, dès que, aussitôt que, pendant que, tandis que) when the main verb is in the future tense

EX: quand Pierre arrivera, je le verrai –> when Pierre arrives, I will see him

EX: dès que vous viendrez, nous dînerons –> we will eat as soon as you come

future tense is also used after these conjunctions when there is an imperative referring to a non-habitual future action

EX: dites-moi quand il arrivera –> tell me when he will arrive

Question 10

futur antérieur - conjugation

Answer 10

future tense of avoir/être + past participle

Question 11

futur antérieur - use

Answer 11

to express a future action that will be completed prior to another future action; “will have”

EX: elles auront mangé avant mon arrivée –> they will have eaten before my arrival

Question 12

futur antérieur - common occurrences

Answer 12

often used after the following conjunctions: quand, après que, aussitôt que, dès que, tant que

EX: après qu’elle sera partie, nous nous coucherons –> after she has left, we’ll go to bed

often used to express probability

EX: Il n’est pas ici. Il sera parti –> He is not here. He must have left

Question 13

conditionnel présent - conjugation

Answer 13

the futur stem + ending (same endings as imparfait)

-ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient

Question 14

conditionnel présent - use

Answer 14

to express the idea “would”

À votre place, nous lui en parlerions –> in your situation, we would speak to him about it

after the conjunctions quand, lorsque, dès que, aussitôt que, tant que when the main verb is in the conditional

il mangerait quand il arriverait –> he would eat when he arrived

after the phrase &laquo_space;au cas où&raquo_space; no matter what tense the main verb is in

to soften a request/command/desire or express possibility

Question 15

conditionnel passé - conjugation

Answer 15

conditionnel présent tense of avoir/être + past participle

Question 16

conditionnel passé - use

Answer 16

to describe what would have taken place if something else had not interfered, expresses a possible action in the past or an action that is unsure

Question 17

conditionnel présent - devoir

Answer 17

conditional devoir means “should” rather than “would”

Question 18

Si Clauses - présent indicatif or passé composé

Answer 18

result clause should be futur or imperatif

for sentences expressing general rules or conditions, both the si clause and the result clause can be in present tense (si j’ai faim, je mange –> if I am hungry, I eat)

Question 19

Si Clauses - imparfait

Answer 19

result clause should be conditionnel présent

Question 20

Si Clauses - plus que parfait

Answer 20

result clause should be conditionnel passé

Question 21

subjonctif présent - conjugation

Answer 21

ils/elles form of verb in present + drop the -ent + endings

-e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent

Question 22

subjonctif présent - use

Answer 22

used to express an action which is dependent upon a subjective idea, opinion or condition; the idea in the dependent clause is either contrary to fact or possible (but not probable)

to express: wish, preference, desire, doubt, denial, emotions/feelings, commands/requirements, permission, refusal of permission

Question 23

subjonctif présent - conjugation exceptions

Answer 23

the nous/vous forms can also be formed by taking the present participle (gerondif), removing -ant, and adding the endings; this accounts for all of the following changes in spelling:

verbs ending in -yer + croire/voir change the i –> y for nous/vous

base: ils envoient –> nous envoyions
base: ils croient –> vous croyiez

verbs like étudier keep the double i for nous/vous
base: ils étudient –> vous étudiiez

verbs with -è- in the ils/elles form switch to -é- for nous/vous
base: ils cèdent –> je cède, nous cédions

verbs with -e- in infinitive change the base for nous/vous

base: ils achètent –> j’achète, nous achetions
base: ils jettent –> je jette, nous jetions

prendre/tenir/venir don’t keep the double n for nous/vous
base: ils prennent –> nous prenions

variable bases for nous/vous
base: ils meurent –> nous mourions

Question 24

subjonctif présent - irregular verbs

Answer 24

avoir –> aie, aies, ait, ayons, ayez, aient
être –> sois, sois, soit, soyons, soyez, soient
pouvoir –> puisse, puisses, puisse, puissions, puissiez, puissent
faire –> fasse, fasses, fasse, fassions, fassiez, fassent
savoir –> sache, saches, sache, sachions, sachiez, sachent
vouloir –> veuille, veuilles, veuille, voulions, vouliez, veuillent
aller –> aille, ailles, aille, allions, alliez, aillent
valoir –> vaille, vailles, vaille, valions, valiez, vaillent
falloir –> il faille
pleuvoir –> il pleuve

Question 25

subjonctif passé - conjugation

Answer 25

avoir/être in present subjonctif + past participle

Question 26

subjonctif passé - use

Answer 26

to express the same feelings as the subjonctif but which have happened in the past