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cell biology > Cell Surface Receptors > Flashcards

Cell Surface Receptors Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

substances which interact with specific receptors are called…

A

Ligands

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2
Q

what are the functions of receptors?

A
  1. recognition and binding of a specific chemical substance

2. Activation of specific biological response

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3
Q

define afinity

A

the degree to which a substance tends to combine with another.

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4
Q

define activity

A

this concerns the nature and the intensity of the evoked phsyiological response AKA biological activity

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5
Q

what are the criteria for receptors?

A
  1. saturability
  2. affinity
  3. specificity
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6
Q

which type of hormone needs to be binded to protein outside the cell?

A

glycoproteins

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7
Q

which type of hormone can pass freely through the cell membrane

A

steroid hormones

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8
Q

what does receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) do?

A

phosphorylates tyrosine residues

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9
Q

what does receptor serine/threonine kinase (RSTK) do?

A

phosphorylates serine/threonine residues

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10
Q

some cell surface receptors have enzymatic activity, true or false?

A

true

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11
Q

what enzyme modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups (phosphorylation)?

A

protein kinases

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12
Q

what does ezymatic phosphorylation result in?

A

A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound.

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13
Q

what enzyme is known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways, especially thise involved in signal transduction?

A

kinases

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14
Q

what do the amino acids serine, threonine and tyrosine have in common?

A

they have a polar -OH group that can be phosphorylated by kinases

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15
Q

which type of diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient through integral proteins?

A

facilitated diffusion (carrier mediated)

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16
Q

what is the term for the transport of 2 molecules in the same direction?

A

symport/co-transport

e.g transport of d-glucose in RBCs

17
Q

what is the term for when two different molecules are transported in opposite directions?

A

antiport / countertransport

e.g transport of anions in RBCs

18
Q

what is the term for the transport of molecules requiring metabolic energy?

A

active transport

19
Q

what type of transport is sensitive to metabolic poisons?

A

active transport

20
Q

diffusion and faciliated diffusion are what type of transport?

A

passive transport

21
Q

which type of transport moves molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration? (uphill)

A

active transport

22
Q

which membrane transport is dependant on primary energy sources such as ATP hydrolysis, electron transport chain and light?

A

primary active transport

23
Q

which integral protein composed of 2 subunits is responsible for maintaining intracellular concentration of K+ and Na+ ions

A

Na+/K+ ATPase

24
Q

what is the ideal intracellular concentration of Na+

A

15mM

25
Q

what is the ideal intracellular concentration of K+

A

150mM

26
Q

what is the ideal extracellular concentration of Na+

A

145mM

27
Q

what is the ideal extracellular concentration of K+

A

4mM

28
Q

what membrane transport is driven by ion gradients and membrane potentials across cell membranes which give a source of free energy?

A

secondary active transport

when 2 ions are coiupled the gradient of one can apply the energy for moving the other uphill

29
Q

which type fo transport can both symports and antiports both do?

A

secondary active transport

30
Q

which type of transport involves enzymatic catalysis in which a sugar is phosphorylated as it is transported?

A

group translocation transport

31
Q

what is membrane transport coupled with?

A

the energy state of the cell

32
Q

what system regulates cell volume, intracellular pH and ionic composition?

A

transport system

33
Q

what system extracts and concentrates metabolic fuels, building blocks and extrudes toxic substances?

A

transport system

34
Q

what system generates ionic gradients in a cell?

A

transport system

35
Q

what are the 3 criteria for protein receptors?

A
  1. saturability (should have finitie number of spaces in which the molecule can bind)
  2. affinity (the receptor must be able to bind to the ligand easily)
  3. specificity (receptors must bind to a specific molecule)
36
Q

do peptide hormones cross the cell membrane?

A

no they bind to the receptors and trigger an intercellular response (passes the message)

37
Q

which takes the shortest amount of time to relay their message; steroid hormone receptors or peptide hormone receptors

A

peptide hormone receptors

cell biology (12 decks)

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