Plants

Question 1

Flower

Answer 1

For reproduction, makes seeds and it contains male and female sex organism

Question 2

Leaf

Answer 2

Makes food for the plants,cools the plant when water vapour passes through it, allows the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen, leaf stores food (e.g. lettuce, cabbage, cress, spinach)

Question 3

Fruit

Answer 3

Protects seeds, provides food for seeds

Question 4

Bud

Answer 4

Allows new leaves and flowers to grow

Question 5

Stem

Answer 5

Allows the transport of food, water and minerals around the plant. It also supports the plant and holds it upright. Stems store food (e.g potato)

Question 6

Roots

Answer 6

Anchor and support. Take in water and nutrients. Store food (e.g carrots and turnips)

Question 7

Transport in plants

Answer 7

There are vessels in a plant, the xylem and the phloem

Question 8

Xylem

Answer 8

Water is absorbed up through the roots, and travels to the leaves and the tips of the plant through the xylem. Minerals from the soil are dissolved in the water, and so, travel in the xylem also.

Question 9

Phloem

Answer 9

Food from the leaves travels to other parts of the plant in the phloem.

Question 10

Transpiration

Answer 10

The loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves.

Question 11

Stomata

Answer 11

Are little holes on the underside of the leaves (like human pores)

Question 12

Transpiration stream

Answer 12

The flow of water from the roots, up through the plant, and out the leaves.

Question 13

Stimulus

Answer 13

Is anything that causes a response in an organism e.g plants respond to the stimuli of light and gravity

Question 14

Shoots tropism

Answer 14

Shoots/stems are positively phototropic, negativity geotropic

Question 15

Roots tropism

Answer 15

Roots are negatively phototropic, positively geotropic

Question 16

Why is geotropism good?

Answer 16

It makes sure plant roots travel down to find water and minerals in soil. Having deep roots means the plant is anchored in the soil

Question 17

Why is phototropism good?

Answer 17

It makes sure plants get enough light for photosynthesis, so that they can make food

Question 18

Photosynthesis

Answer 18

The process where green plants make food using light energy

Question 19

Chlorophyll

Answer 19

It’s a green chemical needed for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is found in Chloroplasts in plants cells

Question 20

How are leaves designed for photosynthesis?

Answer 20

Leaves are flat and thin so sunlight can get through them. Leaves have tiny holes called STOMATA to allow oxygen out and carbon dioxide in

Question 21

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 21

The flower is the sexual reproduction organ of the plant. Male cells called pollen are made here. Female cells called eggs are made here

Question 22

Sepal

Answer 22

Protects the flower before it blooms

Question 23

Petals

Answer 23

Coloured and scented to attract insects

Question 24

Male parts

Answer 24

Stamen made up of filament and anther

Question 25

Filament

Answer 25

Holds up anther

Question 26

Anther

Answer 26

Makes pollen

Question 27

Female parts

Answer 27

Carpel, made up of the stigma, style and ovary

Question 28

Ovary

Answer 28

Makes the egg of ovule (gamete)

Question 29

Stigma

Answer 29

Pollen lands and sticks to it

Question 30

Style

Answer 30

Makes a tube for the pollen (male gamete) to travel down to the egg (female gamete)

Question 31

Pollination

Answer 31

The transfer of the pollen from the stamen (anther) of the plant to the carpel (stigma) of another

Question 32

Fertilisation

Answer 32

Fusion of the male gamete nucleus with the female gamete nucleus to form a zygote

Question 33

Zygote

Answer 33

Divides and develops into the plant embryo

Question 34

Embryo

Answer 34

Made up of: the plumule will be come the plant shoot, the radicle will become the plant root

Question 35

Seed and Fruit Formation

Answer 35

After fertilisation the fertilised egg becomes the seed(egg), the ovary swells to become the fruit(ovary)

Question 36

Functions of the fruit

Answer 36

Protects the seed, allows seeds to be carried away, provides food

Question 37

2 types of fruit

Answer 37

Can be fleshy (e.g. strawberry and melon) or dry (e.g. dandelion seeds and sycamore seeds)

Question 38

Seed dispersal

Answer 38

Way plants spread their seeds around, need to be carried away from the parent plant so they won’t compete for space, light, water and minerals

Question 39

Animal dispersal

Answer 39

Happens when fleshy fruits are eaten by animals or birds, seeds pass unharmed through the animal and come out in faces somewhere else

Question 40

Wind dispersal

Answer 40

Happens when the seeds are carried on the wind, e.g. dandelion “parachute”, sycamore “helicopter”

Question 41

Self dispersal

Answer 41

Some plants explode to release their seeds e.g. pea pods

Question 42

Water dispersal

Answer 42

When plants produce seeds to float away e.g. water lilies

Question 43

Germination

Answer 43

Growth of seeds into a new plant, seeds need water, oxygen and heat to germinate

Question 44

Asexual reproduction

Answer 44

Only one parent, tulips and daffodils make bulbs, which can be planted to make new plants, strawberry plants and buttercups use runners, asexual reproduction results in an exact copy of the parent plant, or a clone

Question 45

Cutting

Answer 45

Sometimes if a leaf or a piece of stem from a plant is cut off and planted it can grow into another plant e.g. geraniums

Question 46

Grafting

Answer 46

Joining the bud or stem of one plant to another well developed plant e.g. fruit trees

Question 47

Micropropagation

Answer 47

Tissue culture. A small sample of tissue is taken from a plant and grown in a lab.