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ECC > 5: Cardiovascular > Flashcards

5: Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

How do you measure blood Hb?

A

1.34 x Hb x SaO2

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2
Q

How do you measure solution?

A

0.003 x PaO2

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3
Q

How do you measure O2 delivery?

A

Blood Hb x solution x flow

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4
Q

What are some examples of sympathomimetic drugs?

A

NA/A, ephidrine, dopamine, dobutamine

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5
Q

What are some examples of parasympatholytic drugs?

A

Atropine or glycopyrrolate drugs

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6
Q

What happens to preload in hypervolaemia?

A

Increased

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7
Q

What happens to afterload in hypertension and vasoconstriction?

A

Increases

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8
Q

How does increased afterload affect cardiac workload and myocardial oxygen consumption?

A

Increases

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9
Q

What happens to end diastolic volume in pump failure?

A

Increases

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10
Q

What happens to CVP in pump failure?

A

Increases

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11
Q

What happens to renal blood flow in pump failure?

A

Decreases, so get aldosterone activation and fluid retention

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12
Q

What are some clinical signs of pump failure?

A

Venous distention, decreased exercise tolerance, ECG for rhythm and chamber size, rads for cardiac size, pulmonary oedema

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13
Q

What can you give to increase contractility?

A

Positive inotropes eg dobutamine

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14
Q

What can you give to restore normal rhythm?

A

Antiarrhythmics eg lidocaine

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15
Q

What can you give to decrease SVR?

A

Vasodilators eg morphine, furosemide, ACE inhibitors, nitrates

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16
Q

What is the best indicator of failed perfusion?

A

Lactate

17
Q

What so MMs look like in sepsis?

A

Blotchy

18
Q

What happens to arterial compliance in vasoconstriction?

A

Decreased

19
Q

What are some examples of obstructive shock?

A

Tamponade, HCM, aortic stenosis

20
Q

What type of fluid is contraindicated during fluid resuscitation?

A

Hypotonic crystalloids

21
Q

After how long will Hartmanns start causing signs of increased chloride?

A

24 hours

22
Q

What is maintenance fluid rate?

A

2-3ml/kg/hr

23
Q

What is shock rate fluids?

A

90ml/kg for dog, 50ml/kg for cat

24
Q

Which fluid is contraindicated in dehydration?

A

Hypertonic saline

25
Q

How long do hypertonic saline effects last?

A

30 mins

26
Q

When so you give hypertonic saline?

A

Hypovolaemia or traumatic brain injury

27
Q

What do you follow hypertonic saline with?

A

Isotonic saline

28
Q

How do colloids work?

A

Exert osmotic pressure

29
Q

How long do different colloids stay in circulation?

A

Gelatin 3h, starch 36h

30
Q

What is the problem with using colloids?

A

Anaphylactic reactions

ECC (7 decks)

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