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obgyn > II. Fetal Development > Flashcards

II. Fetal Development Flashcards

1
Q

At what AOG:

centers of ossification appear

A

12 wks AOG

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2
Q

At what wks AOG:

testes start to descend

A

20

At 20 wks AOG, testes start to descend; brown fat forms; downy lanugo covers body

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3
Q

At what AOG:

fat deposition begins

A

24

At 24 wks AOG, skin is wrinkled, fat deposition begins, head is comparatively large, canalicular lung development nearly complete, type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant

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4
Q

At what AOG:

type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant

A

24

At 24 wks AOG, skin is wrinkled, fat deposition begins, head is comparatively large, canalicular lung development nearly complete, type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant

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5
Q

major site/s of hemapoiesis at 26 weeks? 28 weeks?

A

liven and spleen; bone marrow

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6
Q

At what AOG:

do eyes open? eye movement begin?

A

26, 16-18

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7
Q

At what AOG:

uterus is formed, vaginal canalization begins

A

16

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8
Q

At what AOG:

fingers and toes differentiated, skin and nail develop

A

12

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9
Q

At what AOG:

body more rotund, sc fat deposition

A

36

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10
Q

At what AOG:

downy lanugo covers body

A

20

At 20 wks AOG, testes start to descend; brown fat forms; downy lanugo covers body

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11
Q

At what AOG:

skin is covered with vernix caseosa

A

28

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12
Q

At what AOG:

neural pain is developed

A

26

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13
Q

4th to 5th week

Ureteric bud from __nephric duct will become the _________

A

mesonephric

final kidney

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14
Q 
\_\_ week
o Cloaca divides into \_\_ & \_\_
o \_\_\_\_\_ has 3 parts:
1. Cephalad (vesicle): \_\_\_\_
2. Middle (pelvic): \_\_\_\_
3. Caudal (phallic): \_\_\_, \_\_\_ and \_\_ Glands
A

7th week
o Cloaca divides into rectum & urogenital sinus. o Urogenital sinus has 3 parts:
1. Cephalad (vesicle): Urinary Bladder
2. Middle (pelvic): Urethra
3. Caudal (phallic): Vagina, Bartholin’s and Paraurethral Glands

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15
Q

common opening for urinary, genital and alimentary tracts

A

cloaca

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16
Q

At what week AOG

Uterus is formed by the union of Mullerian ducts in the middle

A

10th

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17
Q

At what week AOG

Primordial follicles begin to form which contain oogonia

A

16th

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18
Q

At what week AOG
Final uterine cavity is formed
Vaginal canalization is completed

A

20th

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19
Q

Mullerian ducts aka ____ ducts becomes: ___, ____, ____

A

paramesonephric duct

vagina (upper), uterus, fallopian tube

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20
Q

Ductus arteriosus
Functional closure?
Anatomical closure?

A

Ductus arteriosus
Functional closure? 10-12hrs
Anatomical closure? 2-3wks

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21
Q

Foramen Ovale
Functional closure?
Anatomical closure?

A

Foramen Ovale
Functional closure? few mins
Anatomical closure? 1 year

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22
Q

Ligamentum Venosum
Functional closure?
Anatomical closure?

A

Functional closure? 10-96hrs

Anatomical closure? 2-3wks

23
Q

Ligamentum teres

closure?

A

3-4 days

24
Q

umbilical ligament

closure?

A

3-4 days

25
Q

At what wk AOG,

fetus engages in respiratory movements?

A

16w

26
Q

At what wk AOG,

type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant?

A

24 weeks

27
Q

At what wk AOG,

mature level of surfactant?

A

35wks

28
Q

At what wk AOG,

chest wall movements on UTZ

A

11wks

29
Q

Stages in Fetal Lung Development

  1. ___ stage (5wks-17wks)
  2. ___ stage (15wks-25wks)
  3. ____ sac stage (>25wks)
A

Stages in Fetal Lung Development

  1. Pseudoglandular stage (5wks-17wks)
  2. Canalicular Stage (15wks-25wks)
  3. Terminal sac stage (>25wks)
30
Q

at what AOG,

fetal urine contributes more to amniotic fluid?

A

> 20wks

31
Q

fetal kidney at what AOF?

A

12 wks AOG

32
Q

early in pregnancy, amniotic fluid comes from?

A

maternal plasma as ultrafiltrate

33
Q

gray baby syndrome

not teratogenic

A

chloramphenicol

34
Q

preterm infants: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides (Genta/Strepto)

35
Q

1st trimester: hypoplastic left heart syndrome, microphthalmia / anophthalmia, clefts, and ASD

A

Nitrofurantoin

36
Q

1st trimester: anencephaly, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, choanal atresia, diaphragmatic hernia

A

Sulfonamides

37
Q

> 25 weeks AOG: Yellowish-brown discoloration of deciduous teeth

A

tetracyclines

38
Q

miscarriage and ear defects

A

mycophenolic acid

39
Q

(F) hypoplastic, T- shaped uterine cavity; cervical collars, breast cancer
• (M) Epididymal cysts, hypospadias, cryptorchidism

A

DES

40
Q

Embryopathy (6th-9th wk)
Stippling of vertebrae
Nasal hypoplasia
choanal atresia

A

warfarin

41
Q

“clover-leaf” skull, wide nasal bridge, low set ears, micrognathia, and limb abnormalities

A

methotrexate

42
Q

• Irreversible hypothyroidism • risk of thyroid cancer

A

radioiodine

43
Q

• Fetal-growth and behavioral abnormalities

childhood developmental delay

A

Lead

44
Q

Disturbances in neuronal cell division and migration
Developmental delay, severe brain damage
microcephaly &

A

Mercury

45
Q
  • (most potent teratogen):____

* Cranial-neural crest defects

A

Retinoids

isotretinoin

46
Q

Not considered a major teratogen. • Neonatal behavioral syndrome:

A

SSRI SNRI

47
Q

Paroxetine can cause what heart defects?

A

ASD and VSD

48
Q

apical displacement of tricuspid valve? this is caused by exposure to: ___

A

Ebstein anomaly, Lithium

49
Q

holoprosencephaly

A

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

50
Q

“strawberry-shaped” cranium

A

Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)

51
Q
  • Trisomy 21

* Most common non-lethal trisomy

A

Down Syndrome

52
Q

45, X

• Only monosomy compatible w/ life

A

Turner XO

53
Q

• 47, XXY
• Most common sex chromosome
abnormality

A

Klinefelter

54
Q

Microdeletion

Abnormal laryngeal devt with “cat- like” cry

A

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