Cells (types)

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

There are many types of cells but they can all be categorized as either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

• The basic unit of all living things.
• Are made up of “little organs” called organelles.

Question 2

EUKARYOTE

Answer 2

Eukaryotes
Any cell that is not bacteria (includes plants and animals)
•Larger
•Newer, more recently evolved
•Have membrane-bound organelles
•Have membrane bound nucleus that contains DNA in double helix (chromosomes)

Two Main Types of Eukaryotes that we are familiar with are
PLANTS and ANIMALS

Lysosomes, nucleus, nucleolus, Golgi body, centrioles, mitochondria, vacuole, chloroplast, rough and soft ER

Flagella, pseudopodia, cytoskeleton, chromosomes, cilia, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell wall

Question 3

PROKARYOTE

Answer 3

Prokaryotes
•Bacteria
•Very small
•Oldest cells on Earth
•Very simple: No
membrane- bound organelles including a nucleus
•DNA circular found in cytoplasm

Flagella, pseudopodia, cytoskeleton, chromosomes, cilia, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell wall

Question 4

Typical plant cell

Answer 4

• Has cell wall (Plant Skeleton)
• Has chloroplasts (for photosynthesis)
• Square shape
• Have Cell Membrane •Have Mitochondria •Have Nucleus
• Have Ribosomes •No Lysosomes

Vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

Flagella, pseudopodia, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleolus, chromosomes, cilia, nucleus, Golgi body, cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, rough and soft ER

Question 5

Typical bacteria

Answer 5

• No Nucleus (DNA tangled in cell)

* No Chloroplasts •NO Mitochondria •Have Cell Membrane •Have Ribosomes

Question 6

Typical animal cell

Answer 6

• No cell wall
• No chloroplasts •Have Cell Membrane •Have Mitochondria •Have Nucleus
• Have Ribosomes

Lysosomes, centrioles

Flagella, pseudopodia, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleolus, chromosomes, cilia, nucleus, Golgi body, cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, rough and soft ER

Question 7

Organelles

Answer 7

• Cell Membrane- Acts as boundary and bouncer determining what comes in and what gets out (phospholipids)
• Nucleus- Contains DNA (genetic information) “Brain of cell”
• Ribosomes- Makes protein (RNA gives code from DNA –translation)
• Chloroplasts- performs Photosynthesis (makes sugar from sunlight)
• Mitochondria- performs Cellular Respiration- Breaks sugars and releases usable energy