Mitosis & DNA replication Flashcards
Mitosis
Asexual reproduction-single Celled organisms reproduce this way
Healing-when you are damaged or removed the cells around them perform mitosis to fill the space with new cells
Growing-In order to grow your body must make new cells
Mitosis is nuclear division plus cytokinesis, and produces two identical daughter cells during prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Interphase is often included in discussions of mitosis, but interphase is technically not part of mitosis, but rather encompasses stages G1, S, and G2 of the cell cycle.
How eukaryotic cells make more cells
Is the creation of a cell by dividing a nucleus
Interphase
DNA unwinds then rewinds to make a copy
Chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense and becomes visible in the light microscope as chromosomes. The nucleolus disappears. Centrioles begin moving to opposite ends of the cell and fibers extend from the centromeres. Some fibers cross the cell to form the mitotic spindle.
It means intro
GI-growth and doubles organelles
S-synthesis. This is where the cells synthesizes or copies/doubles it’s DNA
Cell cycle
The cell cycle is an order set of events, culminating in cell growth and division into two daughter cells
Regulation
How a cell is regulated
CDK-Along with cyclones, or major control switch is for the cell cycle, causing the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M
MPF-includes the CdK and cycling that trigger progression throughout the cell
P53-is a protein that functions to block out the cell cycle if the DNA is damaged. If severely damaged cell death with make apoptosis
-the levels are increased in damaged cells. This allows time for the cell to DNA by blocking the cell cycle. This is the most frequent cancer cell
p27-is a protein that binds to cyclone in CDK blocking entry into S phase. Reduction in P 27 levels predicts a poor outcome for breast cancer patients
Metaphase
Spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus. This line is referred to as the metaphase plate. This organization helps to ensure that in the next phase, when the chromosomes are separated, each new nucleus will receive one copy of each chromosome.
Middle-spindle fibers attached to the centromere of the chromosome and line them up in the middle
Nucleus fully disintegrates
Anaphase
The paired chromosomes separate at the kinetochores and move to opposite sides of the cell. Motion results from a combination of kinetochore movement along the spindle microtubules and through the physical interaction of polar microtubules.
Apart-The spindle fibers retract and pull the chromosomes apart into sister chromatids
Telophase
Chromatids arrive at opposite poles of cell, and new membranes form around the daughter nuclei. The chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible under the light microscope. The spindle fibers disperse, and cytokinesis or the partitioning of the cell may also begin during this stage.
Tear-The soul begins to tear, forming the cleavage Furrough. A new nuclear membrane reforms around the two sets of chromatids
Cytokinesis
In animal cells, cytokinesis results when a fiber ring composed of a protein called actin around the center of the cell contracts pinching the cell into two daughter cells, each with one nucleus. In plant cells, the rigid wall requires that a cell plate be synthesized between the two daughter cells.
Cut-This so pops of hard and separates into two new cells
Prophase
Prepare-chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nucleus disintegrates
Chromatids turn into chromosomes
