Volcanoes Flashcards
What is the bowl-shaped basin in the top of the volcano called?
The bowl-shaped basin in the top of the volcano is called a crater.
What are the characteristics of a composite volcano?
Composite volcanoes have steep sides. This is because the lava from a composite volcano is very sticky and so it does not travel far before it solidifies.
What are the characteristics of a shield volcano?
Shield volcanoes have gently sloping sides and runny lava that covers a wide area.
Why did cholera spread following the eruption of the Nyamuragira volcano?
Cholera spread following the eruption of the Nyamuragira volcano because of a lack of sanitation in areas that people fled to. Temporary shelters are often lacking in running water and toilet facilities.
What was one social impact of the Nyamuragira eruption of 2002?
One social impact of the Nyamuragira volcano was that homes were destroyed.
What was unusual about the Eyjafjallajokull eruption of 2010?
The Eyjafjallajokull volcano happened beneath an ice sheet.
List the effects of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano eruption that affected Iceland itself
- Glaciers above the Eyjafjallajokull volcano melted, which led to flooding.
- Agricultural land was damaged. Farms were hit by heavy ash fall.
- The ashfall poisoned animals in nearby farms
- People’s health was affected due to the toxic substances contained in the volcanic ash.
- Some roads were destroyed.
Which of the following was an effect of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano eruption that affected other countries in Europe?
The Eyjafjallajokull eruption affected other European countries as many flights were cancelled.
Why did the Eyjafjallajokull volcano lead to flooding?
Glaciers above the Eyjafjallajokull volcano melted, which led to flooding.
What happens when a volcano erupts?
Volcano eruption
- Ash cloud
- Lava
- Pyroclastic flow
- Volcanic bombs
- Gases
Volcano eruption product
Ash cloud
Description
Hazard
Ash cloud
Decscription: Fine particles of ash blasted many kilometres into the atmosphere
Hazard
- Disrupts air transport as ash can damage jet engines
- smothers farmland
- can suffocate people and animals
Volcano eruption product
Lava
Description
Hazard
Lava
Description: Lava is liquid magma on the ground surface
Hazard:
- usually moves quite slowly as it cools rapidly in contact with air
- if it is extremely hot and runny (as in Hawaii), it flows like a river
- can destroy property, forests and roads
Volcanic eruption product
Pyroclastic flow
Description
Hazard
Pyroclastic flow
Description: A deadly mix of burning rocks, ash and gas that surges very quickly down the volcano’s sides
Hazards
- extremely dangerous
- destroys everything in its path
Volcanic eruption product
Volcanic bombs
Description
Hazards
Volcanic bombs
Description: Volcanic bombs are chunks of molten rock flung into the air, where they cool, before falling back to Earth.
Hazards
- dangerous to people, who may be hit by the burning rocks
- can damage buildings and set fire to vegetation
Volcanic eruption product
Gases
Description
Hazards
Volcani eruption products
Gases
Description: posionous gases such as carbon monoxide might be emitted
Hazards
- Poisonous gases can kill animals and humans
