Nationalism in Ottoman and Hapsburg Empires

Question 1

– Hapsburg emperor of the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

Answer 1

Francis Joseph

Question 2

– a moderate Hungarian leader who helped work out the compromise that created the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

Answer 2

Ferenc Deák

Question 3

– an agreement that made Austria and Hungary different states with their own constitutions and parliaments, but with shared ministries of finance, defense, and foreign affairs

Answer 3

Dual Monarchy

Question 4

How did the desire for national independence among ethnic groups weaken and ultimately destroy the Austrian and Ottoman empires?

Answer 4

• The Austrian Hapsburgs and Ottoman Turks ruled empires with diverse ethnic groups.
• As nationalist feelings grew among these groups, the power of the empires declined.

Question 5

Europe was a patchwork of different nationalities between 1800 and 1914.

Answer 5

• Nationalists pushed for self-rule, which brought about the decline of the Austrian and Ottoman empires.

Question 6

During the early 1800s, the Hapsburg rulers of Austria tried to prevent change and ignored liberal demands.

Answer 6

• They even tried to prevent industrialization, fearing that it would change the empire’s traditional way of life.
• Nevertheless, factories sprung up by the 1840s in Hapsburg lands and caused changes, including the growth of cities.
• Austria was an empire of very diverse people with rival goals. Nationalist feelings grew during the mid-1800s.
• Nationalists made demands of the Hapsburg rulers. They wanted self-government.
• A nationalist revolt broke out in 1848, and the Hapsburg government crushed it.

Question 7

The Hungarians wanted the right to rule themselves.

Answer 7

• During the 1848 uprising, 18-year-old Francis Joseph inherited the Hapsburg throne. He would rule until 1916.
• The new emperor made some reforms including the formation of a legislature.
• This did not satisfy the Hungarians, however, because the body was led by German-speaking Austrians.

Question 8

After Austria’s defeat in its war with Prussia, Hungarians pressured the Hapsburgs for
a compromise.

Answer 8

• A moderate Hungarian leader named Ferenc Deák helped to work out a solution.
• The Dual Monarchy
of Austria-Hungary was formed in 1867