GI System Pathology Flashcards
What is Gastritis?
What are the two main types?
What are the Signs and Symptoms of each?
an inflammation of the gastric mucosa or inner layer of the stomach with symptoms similar to GERD but with higher intensity
Two Types are Erosive and Non-Erosive
Erosive (acute gastritis) SxS include dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, and hematemesis but can be asymptomatic at times
Non-Erosive (chronic type B gastritis) is usually asymptomatic unless the gastritis progresses
Which type of Gastritis is commonly related to an H. pylori infection?
Chronic Type B gastritis (non-erosive)
What is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?
What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?
the result of an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter that allows reflux of gastric contents and is estimated to occur in 20-30% of adults
SxS include heartburn, regurgitation of gastric contents, belching, chest pain, hoarseness, and coughing
What is Peptic Ulcer Disease?
What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?
What can commonly cause this disease?
a condition where there is a disruption or erosion in the GI mucosa and there is an imbalance between the protective mechanisms of the stomach and the secretion of acids within the stomach
SxS are dependent on location and severity of ulceration but can include epigastric pain, burning or heartburn, nausea, vomiting, bleeding, bloody stool, and pain comes in waves that may be exacerbated with eating
Commonly caused by H. Pylori infection or NSAID chronic use
What is Malabsorption Syndrome?
What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?
a condition characterized by a group of pathologies where there is reduced intestinal absorption and inadequate nutrition. Celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic carcinoma, AIDS, Crohn’s, and Addison’s all may present with this condition
SxS differ from patient to patient and with which diseases are present but primary symptoms include weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and anemia but can also include bloating fatigue, abdominal cramps, bone pain and excessive gas
What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?
consists of recurrent symptoms of the upper and lower GI system that interfere with the normal function of the colon
SxS can include abdominal pain, bloating or distention of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, changes in form and frequency of stool, and passing of mucus in the stool
What is Diverticulitis?
What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?
a condition of having inflamed or infected diverticula which occurs in 20-25% of patients with diverticulosis which is the condition of having diverticula which are pouch like protrusions occurring in the colon
Approximately 80% of people with diverticulitis are asymptomatic but those with SxS can experience abdominal pain, tenderness over the left side of the lower abdomen, cramping, constipation or diarrhea, nausea, fever, chills, and vomiting can also occur
What is Hepatitis?
What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?
an inflammatory process with the liver, viral hepatitis is classified as A, B, C, D, E, or G )A, B, and C are most common)
SxS include fever, flu symptoms, abrupt onset of fatigue, anorexia, headache, jaundice, darkened urine, lighter stool, enlarged spleen and liver, and intermittent pruritus.
What are the characteristics of Hepatitis A?
- caused by close personal contact with someone with the condition or oral-fecal route via contaminated food/water
- does not progress to chronic disease or cirrhosis of liver
- patient usually get better in 6-10 weeks
What are the characteristics of Hepatitis B?
- occurs from the sharing of needles, intercourse with infected person, or exposure to infected blood, semen, or maternal-fetal exposure
- often asymptomatic
- 10% progress to chronic disease
- treated with HBIG or interferon alfa-2b
What are the characteristics of Hepatitis C?
- one of the primary etiologies for chronic liver disease and eventual liver failure
- occurs from the sharing of needles, intercourse with infected person, or exposure to infected blood, semen, or maternal-fetal exposure
- often asymptomatic
- treated with interferon alfa-2b but only a small amount will benefit from this
What is Cirrhosis of the Liver?
What are the common signs and symptoms of this condition?
a condition where the healthy tissue of the liver is replaced with scar tissue that blocks the flow of blood through the organ and prevents the liver from properly functioning
SxS include fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, weakness, abdominal pain, spider angiomas, and weight loss
can also commonly cause immune system dysfunction, encephalopathy, and liver cancer
What is Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis?
What are the common signs and symptoms for these condition?
Refers to the inflammation of the gallbladder that may be chronic or acute commonly due to gallstones in the cystic duct
Many times it is asymptomatic but the most common symptoms is right upper quadrant pain and if gallstones become lodged in cystic duct symptoms may become more severe and widespread including rebound pain
can cause jaundice, fever, nausea, anorexia, and abdominal rigidity
