Biochemistry

Question 1

What do organic molecules contain?

Answer 1

Both carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 2

Name the four classes of organic molecules?

Answer 2

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Question 3

What is another name for organic molecules?

Answer 3

Biomolecules

Question 4

How many electrons does the carbon atom have? And how many in each shell?

Answer 4

6 electrons
2 in the first shell
4 in the outer shell

Question 5

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

Answer 5

4 covalent bonds

Question 6

What can carbon bond with?

Answer 6

• Carbon
• Nitrogen
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Phosphorus
• Sulfur

Question 7

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 7

Covalent bonds occur when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 8

What are long chains of carbon called?

Answer 8

hydrocarbons

Question 9

What is the carbon chain of an organic molecule called?

Answer 9

Its skeleton or backbone

Question 10

What are functional groups?

Answer 10

Functional groups are clusters of specific atoms bonded to the carbon skeleton with characteristic structures and functions

Question 11

What do functional groups determine?

Answer 11

The chemical reactivity and polarity of organic molecules

Question 12

What are isomers?

Answer 12

Isomers are organic molecules that have identical molecular formulas but different arrangements of atoms.

Question 13

What do biomolecules (organic molecules) usually consist of? Describe in further detail.

Answer 13

• Usually consist of many repeating units.

- Each unit is called monomer.

Question 14

What is a molecule composed of monomers called?

Answer 14

Is called a polymer (many parts)

Question 15

What is an example of a polymer?

Answer 15

Amino acids (monomer) joining together to form a protein (polymer)

Question 16

Why are lipids not considered polymers?

Answer 16

Because they contain two different types of subunits

Question 17

Name the monomer and polymer of carbohydrates

Answer 17

Monomer- Monosaccharide

Polymer- Polysaccharide

Question 18

Name the monomer and polymer of lipids?

Answer 18

• Monomer Glycerol and fatty acids

- No polymer, trick question

Question 19

Name the monomer and polymer of proteins

Answer 19

Monomer- Amino acids

Polymer- Polypeptide

Question 20

Name the monomer and polymer of nucleic acids

Answer 20

Monomer- Nucleotide

Polymer- DNA, RNA

Question 21

What is a dehydration reaction?

Answer 21

A chemical reaction in which subunits are joined together by the formation of a covalent bond and water is produced during the reaction

Question 22

What is the purpose of a dehydration reaction? Name an example

Answer 22

• Used to connect monomers together to make polymers.

- Formation of starch (polymer) from glucose subunits (monomer)

Question 23

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 23

Is a chemical reaction in which a water molecule is added to break a covalent bond.

Question 24

What is the function of hydrolysis reactions? Name an example

Answer 24

• Used to break down polymers into monomers

- Digestion of starch into glucose monomers

Question 25

What molecule is required by cells to carry dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions?

Answer 25

Enzymes

Question 26

What does an enzyme do?

Answer 26

Is a molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction

• Enzymes are not consumed in the reaction
• Are not changed by the reaction
• Enzymes are catalysts

Question 27

Describe an atom

Answer 27

Smallest unit of an element composed of electrons, protons and neutrons

Question 28

Describe a molecule

Answer 28

Union of two or more atoms of the same or different elements

Question 29

Describe a cell

Answer 29

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms

Question 30

Describe tissue

Answer 30

A group of cells with a common structure and function

Question 31

Describe an organ

Answer 31

Composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task