Chapter 2- Constitutional Factors in Stuttering Flashcards
True or False:
Stuttering DOES NOT run in families
FALSE
Research has shown a genetic component to stuttering …however this is not the ONLY component
What are the main findings about stuttering in FAMILY Studies…
- PWS usually have a line of relatives who are also stutter.
- Men are more at risk of stuttering than females
- KWS have more male relatives who stutter than females.
- However KWS have the same chances of having relatives who stuttered
What are the main findings about stuttering in TWIN Studies…
- Stuttering occurs more in both twins when they are IDENTICAL opposed to fraternal.
- There are cases when one twin stutters and the other doesn’t …this leads us to believe that there are also environmental factors!
- There is evidence showing both GENETIC and ENVIRONMENT to be factors in these studies.
What are the main findings about stuttering in GENE Studies…
- Dennis Drayna wanted to isolate the GENE RESPONSIBLE for stuttering.
- Found that 3 chromosomes might be involved (1, 13, 16)
Between _______ to _____ of PWS have other family members who stutter.
a) 40% , 70%
b) 50 %, 50%
c) 30%, 60%
C
Between _____ to _____ of PWS do NOT have family members who stutter.
a) 40% , 70%
b) 50 %, 50%
c) 30%, 60%
A
True or False:
Genetics cannot be responsible for ALL stuttering.
TRUE
Which of these findings in an Electroencephalographic (EEG) study is TRUE about brain function in PWS?
a) PWS may have a left-hemisphere dominance instead of right-hemisphere.
b) PWS may have a right-hemisphere dominance instead of left-hemisphere.
c) None of the above
B
In a Cerebral Blodd Flow (CBI) study , researcher Wood found that ….
a) When a PWS spoke, there was greater blood flow in Broca’s area in the RIGHT hemisphere then Broca’s are in LEFT hemisphere.
b) When a PWS spoke, there was greater blood flow in Broca’s area in the LEFT hemisphere then Broca’s are in RIGHT hemisphere.
c) After 2 weeks of treatment (medication Haloperidol) reversed the blood flow to the LEFT hemisphere.
d) a & c
D
Which of theses findings is FALSE about a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) study
a) PWS have more activity in Broca’s area but less activity in Wernicke’s
b) PWS has less activity in both Broca’s and Wernicke’s in the RIGHT hemisphere.
c) PWS has less activity in both Broca’s and Wernicke’s in the LEFT hemisphere.
d) a & b
D
True or False:
All of these brain studies show that the brains of PWS function the same way as PWNS
FALSE!
True or False:
There are some findings that there is a lack of activity in the auditory association areas and Wernicke’s area in PWS
TRUE
* This suggests that PWS aren’t using auditory feedback to monitor their speech
Which of these statements is TRUE about neuroanatomical differences in PWS:
a) PWS have a smaller brain than PWNS
b) PWS have the 2 hemispheres symmetical in size. (PWNS have the left side bigger)
c) The LEFT operculum fibers that connect the sensory, planning and motor areas of the brain are MORE dense in PWS
d) a & c
B
Mention some of the findings about Sensory-Motor Control in PWS…
- Reaction time…
- Fluent Speech…
- Non-speech motor control….
- Reaction Time = PWS were SLOWER reacting to a sound than PWNS
- Fluent Speech = PWS have SLOWER speech movements even when they are more fluent
- Non-speech motor control= PWS are SLOWER in executing sequential finger movements
True or False:
Stuttering is more likely to occur in simple utterances, that are short and less syntactically complex.
FALSE!
