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L2 Psycho Anglais > 3.4 - Anxiety - Summary > Flashcards

3.4 - Anxiety - Summary Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the population is affected by anxiety disorders ?

A

Nearly 30% of adults at some point in the in lives.

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2
Q

What are the percentages of anxiety disorders in adults in the US in any given year ?

A
  • 7 to 9 percent: specific phobia
  • 7 percent: social anxiety disorder
  • 2 to 3 percent: panic disorder
  • 2 percent: agoraphobia
  • 2 percent: generalized anxiety disorder
  • 1 to 2 percent: separation anxiety disorder

Women are more likely than men to experience anxiety disorders.

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3
Q

What’s the definition of anxiety vs fear ?

A

Anxiety :
- anticipation of a future concern
- more associated with muscle tension and avoidance behavior.
Fear :
- emotional response to an immediate threat
- more associated with a fight or
flight reaction – either staying to fight or leaving to escape danger.

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4
Q

What criteria are used to diagnose an anxiety disorder ?

A

The fear or anxiety must :
- be out of proportion to the situation or age inappropriate
hinder your ability to function normally

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5
Q

What are the different types of anxiety disorders according to the DSM-5 ?

A
  • panic disorder
  • social anxiety disorder (ex social phobia)
  • agoraphobia
  • specific phobia
  • GAD
  • separation anxiety disorder
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6
Q

What are the related conditions listed in the DSM-5 ?

A
  • PTSD
  • Acute Stress Disorder
  • Adjustment disorder
  • OCD
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7
Q

What are the possible manifestations of GAD ?

A

Physical symptoms (restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension or sleeping problems)

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8
Q

In GAD, what are the worries about ?

A

Everyday things :

  • job responsibilities
  • family health
  • minor matters (chores, appointments, car repairs)
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9
Q

What reaction people may have after a panic attack ?

A

Go to a hospital ER, believing they have a heart attack (symptoms are severe)

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10
Q

What’s the mean age for panic disorder ?

A

22-23

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11
Q

What’s agoraphobia ?

A

The fear of being in situations where escape is difficult, or help not available in the event of panic symptoms.

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12
Q

What situations can induce agoraphobia ?

A
  • public transportation
  • open spaces
  • enclosed spaces
  • standing in line or in a crowd
  • being outside home alone
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13
Q

What criteria to diagnose agoraphobia ?

A
  • fear out of proportion with the situation
  • lasts xis months or more
  • causes pb in functioning
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14
Q

What criteria to diagnose social anxiety disorder ?

A
  • causes pb in daily life

- lasts at least 6 months

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15
Q

What is separation anxiety disorder ?

A

Being excessively fearful or anxious about separation from thos with whom the subject is attached.

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16
Q

What criteria for diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder ?

A
  • Fear out of proportion for the person’s age
  • persists at least 4 weeks in children and 6 months in adults
  • causes pb functioning
17
Q

Examples of worries in the separation anxiety disorder ?

A
  • Persistly worried about losing the person closest to them
  • reluctant to go out or sleep away from home or without that person
  • may experience nightmares about separation
18
Q

Manifestation and age for separation disorder ?

A

Physical symptoms of distress often develop in childhood

Symptoms can carry through adulthood

19
Q

What are the risk factors for anxiety disorders ?

A

Unknown.
Likely to involve a combination of factors (genetic, environmental, psychological and developmental)
Can run in families

20
Q

What’s the effect of medication ?

A

Dos not cure but can give significan t relief from symptoms

21
Q

What can people do to cope with their anxiety and make treatments more effective ?

A
  • Stress management techniques and meditation
  • support groups
  • learn more about the disorder and inform family and friends
  • avoid caffeine
22
Q

What were the names given to PTSD in the past ?

A

“shell shoxk” or “combat fatigue”

23
Q

What percentage of the US population is affected by PTSD every year ?

A

3.5%

24
Q

How many people will be diagnosed with PTSD in their life time ?

A

1 in 11

25
Q

In the US, what categories of the population are more likely to have PTSD ?

A
  • women (twice more likely)
  • US latinos
  • African Americans
  • American Indians
26
Q

What is necessary for a diagnosis of PTSD ?

A
  • Exposure to a traumatic event.

The exposure can be indirect : violent death of a close family member of friend, repeated exposure to horrible details of trauma (police officers)

  • Symptoms must last for more than a month and cause significant distress in daily functioning
  • Symptoms usely occur within 3 months of the trauma, sometimes later

PTSD often occurs with other related conditions (depression, substance use…)

27
Q

What are the categories of symptoms of PTSD ?

A
  • Intrusion (thoughts, flashbacks, dreams)
  • Avoidance : of situations, people, places, of talking about the event
  • Alterations in cognition and mood : not remembering important aspects of the event, distorted beliefs about oneself or others, distorted thoughts about the cause or csq of the event, less interest in enjoyed activities
  • Alterations in arousal and reactivity : irritable, reckless, easily startled, pbs concentrating or sleeping
28
Q

What is acute stress disorder ?

A

Simlar to PTSD, reaction to a traumatic event.

Difference : symptoms occur between 3 days to 1 month after the event.

Half of the people with acute stress disorder go on to have PTSD.

29
Q

What are the percentage of people developing acute stress disorder depending on the type of trauma ?

A

Car accidents :13 to 24% develop acute stress disorder

Assault, rape, mass shootings : 20 to 50%

30
Q

What is adjustment disorder ?

A
  • Occurs in response to a stressful life event(s).
  • Emotional and behavioral symptoms more intense that reasonably expected.
  • Symptoms begin within 3 months and last no longer than 6 months.
31
Q

What are the symptoms of adjustment disorders ?

A
  • feeling tense, sad, hopeless
  • withdrawing from oter people
  • impulsive behavior
  • physical manifestations

Cause significant distress or pb functioning in important areas of life (work, school, social interactions)

32
Q

What kind of events can cause adjustment disorder ?

A
  • Single event (eg romantinc breakup) or combination of events
  • Stressors may be recurring or continous (eg ongoing painful illness with increasing disability)
  • may affect an individual, a family, a group or community
33
Q

What percentage of adults mental health treatment have adjustment disorder ?

A

5 to 20%

more than 15% of patients with cancer have adjustment disorder.

34
Q

What criteria for diagnosis of OCD ?

A
  • Presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that are time-consuming (more than one hour a day)
  • cause major distress
  • impair work, social or other importnat functions.
35
Q

What percentage of Americans have OCD ?

A

1.2%

Slightly more women are affected

36
Q

At what age does OCD begin ?

A

Often in childhood, adolescence or early adulthood

Average age is 19

37
Q

What do people with OCD know about their obsessive thoughts ?

A

Recognize they are a product of their mind, excessive or unreasonable.

38
Q

Examples of compulsions ?

A
  • Cleaning
  • Repeating (name or phrase, behavior)
  • Checking (that the door is locked, retrace driving route to be sure they haven’t hit anyone)
    Ordering arranging - sometimes symetry
  • Mental compulsions - silently pray

L2 Psycho Anglais (20 decks)

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