3: COPD Epidemiology

Question 1

Alpha-1 antitrypsen deficiency is associated with both COPD and what?

Answer 1

Liver disease

Question 2

Is alpha-1 antritrypsin deficiency related to the chronic bronchitis or emphysema component of COPD?

Answer 2

Emphysema

Question 3

In asthma, damage is potentially _____, but in COPD damage is _____.

Answer 3

In asthma, damage is potentially reversible, but in COPD damage is not reversible.

Question 4

4 risk factors for COPD.

Answer 4

1. Smoking: heavy and light smokers, active or passive
2. Exposure to particles: via air pollution and/or work environment
3. Increased infections throughout your life in conjunction with other factors
4. Genetic factor: alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Question 5

What autosomal recessive disorder can lead to COPD and is usually the case with COPD diagnosis under age 40?

Answer 5

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Question 6

What factors may indicate hereditary emphysema that is difficult to diagnose in the presence of asthma?

Answer 6

1. Family history of early-onset lung disease or childhood liver disease
2. Shortness of breath that gets worse over years, not related to attacks of wheezing
3. Early development of emphysema in alpha 1-ATD is associated with current or prior cigarette smoking

Question 7

COPD is characterized by what?

Answer 7

Obstruction of airflow

Question 8

What 2 pulmonary conditions comprise COPD?

Answer 8

1. Chronic bronchitis
2. Emphysema