Chapter 10

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

Negative attitude toward an individual based solely on that person’s presumed membership in a particular group, without consideration of the unique individual, group variability or potential for violence against the innocent.

Question 2

Stereotypes

Answer 2

Overgeneralized beliefs about traits and attributes of members of a particular group.

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

Negative behaviour toward an individual based solely on that person’s presumed membership in a particular group.

Question 4

Realistic group conflict theory

Answer 4

Theory which asserts that the initial negative feelings between groups are often based on real conflict or competition regarding scarce resources.

Question 5

Scapegoating

Answer 5

Phenomenon whereby ppl who feel inferior, guilty, anxious or unsuccessful blame an outgroup for their troubles.

Question 6

Ethnocentrism

Answer 6

Viewing the world through our own cultural value system and thereby judging actions and ppl based on our own views of right/wrong, good/bad.

Question 7

Gordon Allport’s 3 basic causes of prejudice:

Answer 7

• Hostility plus categorization (feel hostility when frustrated/threatened)
• ingroup bias (prefer what is familiar)
• threats to ones worldview (ethnocentric biases are more severe when another worldview threatens our own).

Question 8

(RWA) Right-Wing Authoritarianism

Answer 8

Ideology that the social world is inherently dangerous and that maintaining security requires upholding society’s order and tradition. It predicts prejudice against groups seen as socially deviant or dangerous.

Question 9

Social dominance orientation

Answer 9

Belief that some ppl/groups are better than others, so society should be structured hierarchically, with some groups having higher status than others.

Question 10

Ambivalent racism

Answer 10

Influence on White Americans’ racial attitudes by two clashing sets of values: belief in individualism and belief in egalitarianism.

Question 11

Aversive racism

Answer 11

Racism that surfaces in subtle ways when it’s safe, socially acceptable and easy to rationalize.

Question 12

Implicit prejudice

Answer 12

Negative attitudes or affective reactions associated with an outgroup, for which the individual has little or no conscious awareness and which can be automatically activated in intergroup encounters.

Question 13

Kernel of Truth Hypothesis

Answer 13

Some stereotypes may be based on actual differences in average traits/behaviours associated w two or more groups.

Question 14

Social Role Theory

Answer 14

Roles and behaviours that societal pressures may impose on a particular group.

Question 15

Illusory correlation

Answer 15

Faulty perception whereby ppl think two things are related when they are not.

Question 16

Justification Suppression Model

Answer 16

Idea that ppl endorse and freely express stereotypes in part to justify their own negative affective reactions to outgroup members.

Question 17

Dehumanization

Answer 17

Tendency to hold stereotypical views of outgroup members as animals rather than humans.

Question 18

Infra humanization

Answer 18

Perception that outgroup members lack qualities viewed as unique to humans (language, intelligence, complex social emotions).

Question 19

Outgroup homogeneity

Answer 19

Tendency to view individuals in outgroups as more similar to each other than they really are.