Biology Unit 1: Cells Flashcards
MRSGREN
Movement
Growth
Respiration
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Excretion
Nutrition
Movement: A change in position or place
Respiration: A chemical reaction that uses oxygen to release the energy in glucose (sugar)
Sensitivity: The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them
Growth: A permanent increase in size
Reproduction: Making more of the same organism (same species)
Excretion: The removal of toxic substances and waste products from an organism
Nutrition: The process in which nutrients are taken into the body, broken down, and used for growth, maintenance and repair.
Abiotic vs Biotic
The non-living factors in an ecosystem are called abiotic factors.
The living factors in an ecosystem are called biotic factors (“bio” means living, Biology is the study of living things).
Abiotic ( non living )
- Moisture (amount of water)
- Temperature
- Weather
- pH of soil (acidic or alkaline)
- Altitude
- Amount of sunlight
Biotic ( Living )
- Predation (organisms eating other organism)
- Competition (organisms fighting over food, water, space etc)
- Parasitism (organisms eating other organisms while they are alive)
- Diseases
Animal vs Plant Cell
Both animals and Plants:
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondrion
Plants only
Cellulose cell wall
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplast
Nucleus
The control centre of the cell that regulates the cells other processes. It contains the cell’s DNA.
(It is not the BRAIN of the cell)
Cell Membrane
Controls what enters and exits the cell
It is a partially permeable membrane- some things can go through and some can’t.
Cytoplasm
The site of all reactions in the cell
Cell Wall
Prevents plant cells from bursting, provides structure for plant cells
PLANT ONLY
Permanent Vacuole
Storage organelles that hold nutrients or waste products
Chloroplast
The site of photosynthesis
PLANT ONLY
What is Aerobic respiration?
It is the breakdown of glucose (a type of sugar) in the presence of oxygen to release energy.
All cells need to carry out this process as energy is required for all of the other processes that happen in the cell (MRS GREN).
This process occurs in the mitochondria.
Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + energy (ATP)
What is Photosynthesis?
Is where light energy is used to make glucose, it occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Plants are unable to move around to find food, so they need to make it themselves.
Plants are the only organisms on Earth that are able to do this (with a few weird exceptions). Because of this, all food chains on Earth start with a plant.
Cells > Tissues > Organs > Organ Systems > Organisms
Cells: The basic building block of living things
Tissues: Groups of similar cells working together to perform a shared function
Organs: Groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function
Example:
Single cell ( muscle ) > Muscle Tissue > Organ ( Heart )
