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Science Module > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ circuit describes the blood flow between the heart and lungs.

A

Pulmonary

picks up O2, drops off CO2

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2
Q

The ______ circuit describes the blood flow between the heart and body tissues.

A

Systemic

drops off O2, picks up CO2

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3
Q

The pericardium of the heart is made up of the _______ pericardium and the ______ pericardium.

A

Fibrous (outer)

Serous (inner)

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4
Q

The serous pericardium is a double layer made up of the _____ pericardium and the _____ pericardium, with the pericardial cavity between.

A

Parietal (outer)

Visceral (inner)

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5
Q

The wall of the heart is made up of what 3 layers?

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium (or visceral pericardium)

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6
Q

The ____ receive blood returning to the heart and the ____ pump blood out of the heart.

A

Atria

Ventricles

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7
Q

Why is the right ventricle wall thinner than the left ventricle wall?

A

The right ventricle pumps blood only to the lungs whereas the left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body.

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8
Q

Blood enters the right atrium through the ______ and ______.

A

Vena cava and coronary sinus

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9
Q

The ______ ______ carry blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

A

Pulmonary arteries

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10
Q

Blood flows from the lungs to the left atrium through the ____ _______.

A

Pulmonary veins

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11
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve and what is its function?

right atrioventricular valve

A

At the opening between the right atrium and ventricle.

Prevent backflow of blood into right atrium.

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12
Q

Where is the mitral/bicuspid valve and whats its function?

left atrioventricular valve

A

At the opening between the left atrium and ventricle, prevents backflow of blood into left atrium.

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13
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve and whats its function?

right semilunar valve

A

Entrance to the pulmonary trunk

Prevents backflow of blood from pulmonary trunk into right ventricle

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14
Q

Where is the aortic valve and what is its function?

left semilunar valve

A

Entrance to the aorta

Prevents backflow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle.

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15
Q

The atrioventricular valves have ____ _____ which are attached to _____ _____ , which prevent the backflow of blood through the valves.

A

Chordae tendinae

Papillary muscles

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16
Q

____ are connections which provide alternative pathways for blood in case of a blockage.

A

Anastomoses

17
Q

______ veins drain blood from the heart muscle and carry it to the ____ ____ where it travels into the right atrium.

A

Cardiac

Coronary sinus

18
Q

Name the 4 valves in the heart in the order blood would pass through them.

A

Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary valve, Bicuspid/mitral valve, Aortic valve

19
Q

Place these components of the cardiac conduction system in the correct order :

Purkinje fibres        
Atrial syncytium
AV bundle
Bundle branches
Ventricular syncytium
AV Node
Junctional fibres
SA Node
A 
SA node
Atrial syncytium
Junctional fibres
AV node
AV bundle
Bundle Branches
Purkinje fibres
Ventricular syncytium
20
Q

Heart rate is controlled by the _____ nervous system.

A

autonomic (intrinsic control-within the heart)

21
Q

______ impulses increase the speed and strength of heart contractions.

A

Sympathetic

22
Q

______ impulses decrease the heart rate

A

parasympathetic

23
Q

The ______ reflexes within the cardiac centre detect changes in blood pressure.

A

Baroreceptor

24
Q

The baroreceptor reflexes are the ______ reflex and the _______ reflex.

A

Cardioinhibitor

cardioaccellerator

25
Q

Extrinsic control of the heart is controlled by the cardiac centre, located in the _____ ______. (maintains a balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic impulses)

A

Medulla oblongata

26
Q

The cardioinhibitor reflex responds to an ____ in blood pressure - the baroreceptors send impulses to the medulla oblongata, which sends _______ impulses to the SA node to ____ heart rate, resulting in a ____ in cardio output and BP.

A

increase
parasympathetic
slow
decrease

27
Q

The cardioaccelerator reflex responds to a ______ in blood pressure - the baroreceptors send impulses to the medulla oblongata, which sends ______ impulses to the SA node to _____ heart rate, resulting in an ____ in cardio output and BP.

A

decrease
sympathetic
increase
increase

28
Q

The cardiac centre also responds to … which influence heart rate (3)

A

Increased body temperature
concentrations of some ions
emotions

29
Q

In the cardiovascular system, what vessels are the site of nutrient, gas and waste exchange?

A

Capillaries

Science Module (17 decks)

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