9.4-9.5-10.3

Question 1

What was a major issue in cities during this time due to rapid growth?

Answer 1

Overcrowding

Cities grew rapidly, and tenements were often overcrowded and unsanitary.

Question 2

What was a consequence of poor waste disposal in cities?

Answer 2

Poor Sanitation

Lack of proper waste disposal led to health hazards and the spread of diseases.

Question 3

What challenge did cities face as populations grew?

Answer 3

Crime

As populations grew, cities struggled to maintain law and order.

Question 4

Why were cities prone to fires in tenement areas?

Answer 4

Fire Hazards

Cities, particularly in tenement areas, were prone to fires due to poor building codes.

Question 5

What struggled to keep up with the rapid growth of cities?

Answer 5

Infrastructure Strain

Transportation, water supply, and public services struggled to keep up with the rapid growth.

Question 6

Graft

Answer 6

The illegal use of political influence for personal gain. It was common in political machines during the Gilded Age.

Question 7

Patronage (spoil system)

Answer 7

: The power to give government jobs to people who helped a candidate get elected. This system often led to corruption.

Question 8

Settlement Houses:

Answer 8

Community centers, organizations, in urban areas, providing services like education and healthcare to the poor, especially immigrants. Jane Addams’ Hull House is a famous example.

Question 9

William “Boss” Tweed:

Answer 9

The notorious leader of Tammany Hall, a political machine in New York City, who was known for his corrupt practices.

Question 10

Ellis Island:

Answer 10

The primary immigration station in New York where millions of immigrants, mainly from Europe, were processed between 1892 and 1954.

Question 11

Tenements

Answer 11

: Overcrowded, unsanitary, and poorly built apartment buildings where many immigrants lived in cities during rapid urbanization.

Question 12

Tenements

Answer 12

: Overcrowded, unsanitary, and poorly built apartment buildings where many immigrants lived in cities during rapid urbanization.

Question 13

Angel Island

Answer 13

: The immigration station on the West Coast, processing mainly Asian immigrants, particularly Chinese, who faced stricter scrutiny than European immigrants.

Question 14

Social Gospel Movement:

Answer 14

A movement that applied Christian ethics to social problems like poverty, inequality, and labor exploitation, encouraging social reform.

Question 15

Jane Addams

Answer 15

: A leader in the settlement house movement, co-founder of Hull House, and a key figure in social reform during the Gilded Age.

Question 16

Chester A. Arthur:

Answer 16

The 21st U.S. president who took office after James Garfield’s assassination. He supported the Pendleton Civil Service Act, which reformed the spoils system.

Question 17

Urbanization

Answer 17

The process by which rural areas became cities due to population growth and industrialization, leading to a variety of social and economic changes.

Question 18

Americanization Movement:

Answer 18

A campaign to assimilate immigrants into American culture, particularly by teaching English and U.S. history in schools.

Question 19

Pendleton Civil Service Act:

Answer 19

Passed in 1883, it created a merit-based system for hiring and promoting government employees, reducing patronage.

Question 20

Political Machines:

Answer 20

Organized groups that controlled political parties in cities. They often helped immigrants with basic services in exchange for votes, but were frequently corrupt.

Question 21

Rutherford B. Hayes

Answer 21

: The 19th U.S. president, whose administration started reforming the civil service, laying the groundwork for later anti-corruption laws.

Question 22

Grover Cleveland:

Answer 22

The only president to serve two non-consecutive terms (22nd and 24th). He opposed high tariffs and patronage, and supported civil service reform.

Question 23

How did education change during the Gilded Age?

Answer 23

• Public education expanded significantly, especially in urban areas. There was a push for mandatory schooling, and schools focused on Americanization by teaching English and U.S. history. More vocational schools also opened, training students for industrial jobs.

Question 24

What are the three levels of the political machine hierarchy?

Answer 24

• Precinct Captains: Local representatives who worked directly with immigrants and the poor, offering help in exchange for votes.
• Ward Bosses: Managed the political machine within a city district, organizing voting efforts and directing the precinct captains.
• City Boss: Controlled the entire political machine, making decisions about who would get city contracts, government jobs, and more.

Question 25

What urban problems developed due to increased immigration and urbanization?

Answer 25

• Overcrowding: Cities grew rapidly, and tenements were often overcrowded and unsanitary. • Poor Sanitation: Lack of proper waste disposal led to health hazards and the spread of diseases. • Crime: As populations grew, cities struggled to maintain law and order. • Fire Hazards: Cities, particularly in tenement areas, were prone to fires due to poor building codes. • Infrastructure Strain: Transportation, water supply, and public services struggled to keep up with the rapid growth.