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Neuroendocrine > Histology of CNS > Flashcards

Histology of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is something that is unique to neurons, that can be found within their cell body?

A

Nissl substance/bodies

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2
Q

What is the importance of Nissl substance/bodies?

A

The stained speckles = ribosomes; It is indicative of their protein synthesis and thus, metabolic activity of the neuron

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3
Q

Can the spines on a dendrite change?

A

Yes, spines are plastic and will increase their amount if the area is highly receptive. Will also decrease their amount of the area is inactive.

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4
Q

What is a neuropil?

A

Network of nerve fibers and their branches together with glial processes

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5
Q

What is the correct term for the typical neuron?

A

Multipolar neuron

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6
Q

What type of neuron has the cell body in the middle and an equal amount of dendrites on each side?

A

Bipolar neuron

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7
Q

How do you tell which side of the bipolar neuron is the axon?

A

Direction of signal propagation

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8
Q

Where would you find bipolar neurons?

A

Retina

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9
Q

Describe the organization of a unipolar neuron

A

A cell body with single short process, a peripheral process that is longer than the central process
The peripheral process houses the dendrites
The axon includes the peripheral and central processes

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10
Q

What is a unipolar neuron used for?

A

Sensation

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11
Q

What type of neuron has no axons and thus no signal conduction?

A

Anaxonic neuron

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12
Q

What protein do gap junctions use in an electrical synapse?

A

Connexin

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13
Q

What are the types of synaptic transmission?

A

Axodendritic
Axosomatic
Axoaxonic

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14
Q

Main function of astrocytes?

A

Establish blood-brain barrier

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15
Q

What special property helps stain the astrocytes?

A

GFAP (glial fibrillary acid protein)

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16
Q

Main function of ependymal cells?

A

Facilitate CSF movement! Removes H2O from blood and releases as CSF

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17
Q

What type of cells are ependymal cells?

A

Simple cuboidal/columnar

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18
Q

What makes up the choroid plexus

A

Pia mater + ependymal cells

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19
Q

Main function of microglia?

A

Remove damaged/inactive synapses and microbial invaders - immune response

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20
Q

What do microglia originate from?

A

Monocytes

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21
Q

Function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Enwrap axons from MULTIPLE neurons with myelin

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22
Q

What are CNS cell types?

A

Astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia and oligodendrocytes

23
Q

Where are astrocytes, ependymal cells and oligodendrocytes derived from?

A

Neural tube

24
Q

What are the peripheral glial cells?

A

Neurolemmocytes (schwann cells) and Satellite cells

25
Q

Where are peripheral glial cells derived from?

A

NCC

26
Q

Function of Neurolemmocytes?

A

Myelinate peripheral nerves

27
Q

Function of Satellite cells?

A

Structural and metabolic support for neuronal cell bodies

28
Q

Where will you find satellite cells?

A

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG)

29
Q

Difference between oligodendrocytes and Neurolemmocytes?

A

Neurolemmocytes only myelinate ONE axon, while oligodendrocytes can wrap multiple

30
Q

How many layers are in the neocortex in the cerebral cortex?

A

6

31
Q

What are the layers of the neocortex from superficial to deep?

A 
Molecular layer
External granular layer
External pyramidal layer
Internal granular layer
Ganglionic layer
Multiform (polymorphic) layer
32
Q

What distinguishes the molecular layer?

A

Low amount of cell bodies

33
Q

What distinguishes the ganglionic layer?

A

Large pyramidal shaped cells - used in motor areas

34
Q

What distinguishes the multiform (polymorphic layer)?

A

Diverse cell body shapes

35
Q

What is the oldest layer in the neocortex?

A

Multiform (polymorphic) layer

36
Q

What accumulates abnormally in the cortex of a patient with Alzheimers?

A

Amyloid beta plaques and tau protein (neurofibrillary tangles)

37
Q

What shape are tau proteins?

A

Flame

38
Q

What is included in the neurons of a patient with Parkinson’s?

A

Lewy bodies

39
Q

What do lewy bodies look like and what is within them?

A

Round, pink staining with a pale halo; alpha-synuclein protein is within

40
Q

What degenerates in patients with Parkinsons?

A

Substantia nigra

41
Q

Describe the substantia nigra

A

Mass of gray matter that is important in the control of motor function; contains multipolar neurons with neuromelanin pigment

42
Q

What does the neuromelanin pigment contain?

A

Dopamine

43
Q

Function of dopamine?

A

Inhibitory effects in brain areas dedicated to movement

44
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex from superficial to deep?

A

Molecular layer
Purkinje cells
Granular layer

45
Q

Scattered neuronal cell bodies and lots of neuropil; what layer in the cerebellar cortex?

A

Molecular layer

46
Q

Densely packed neuronal cell bodies and little neuropil; what layer in the cerebellar cortex?

A

Granular layer

47
Q

How thick is the purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

1 cell thick

48
Q

How can you tell where the anterior horn of the spinal cord is?

A

It is grey matter and it contains cell bodies for motor neurons

49
Q

Describe the organization of peripheral nerves

A

1 axon encircled many times by 1 schwann cell whose cytoplasm and nucleus are squished to the outer layer

50
Q

Are unmyelinated axons still interacting with schwann cells?

A

Yes; many unmyelinated axons will still have 1 schwann cell that tries to surround each axon just once

51
Q

What is immediately surrounding the neurolemmocytes?

A

Endoneurium

52
Q

What enwraps fasicles?

A

Perineurium

53
Q

What enwraps all of the fasicles and surrounds the peripheral nerve?

A

Epineurium

Neuroendocrine (47 decks)

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