B2 - Lesson 04 - Healthcare

Question 1

ophthalmology [/ˌɒfθælˈmɒlədʒi/]

Answer 1

the study of the eyes and diseases that affect them

Question 2

practitioner [/prækˈtɪʃənə/]

Answer 2

1 someone who works as a doctor or a lawyer
medical/legal practitioner
a practitioner of alternative medicine
→ general practitioner
2 someone who regularly does a particular activity
one of golf’s most experienced practitioners

General Practitioner -> local doctor [GP]

Question 3

midwife [/ˈmɪdwaɪf/]

Answer 3

a specially trained nurse whose job is to help women when they are having a baby

midwives work in the maternity ward of a hospital.

Question 4

operation [/ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən/]

Answer 4

1 MEDICAL [countable] the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damaged
perform operation
operation on
She’s going to need an operation on her ankle.

2 BUSINESS/ORGANIZATION [countable] a business, company, or organization
The firm set up its own property development operation.
a microchip manufacturing operation
Nolan and Barnes were both involved in the operation.
3 WORK/ACTIVITIES [countable, uncountable] the work or activities done by a business or organization, or the process of doing this work
Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation.
The Education Business Partnership has been in operation since 1989.
4 ACTIONS [countable] a set of planned actions or activities for a particular purpose
The UN rescue operation started shortly after dawn.

Question 5

surgeon [/ˈsɜːdʒən/]

Answer 5

a doctor who does operations in a hospital

Question 6

maternity [/məˈtɜːnəti]

Answer 6

relating to a woman who is pregnant or who has just had a baby → paternity
a maternity dress

Question 7

ward [/wɔːd/]

Answer 7

a large room in a hospital where people who need medical treatment stay
maternity/general/geriatric etc ward (=a ward for people with a particular medical condition)
on/in the ward
a young nurse’s first day on the wards
the other patients in the ward

Question 8

filling [/ˈfɪl.ɪŋ/]

Answer 8

any material used to fill something:
duvets with synthetic filling

the layer of food inside a sandwich, cake, etc.:
pies with sweet or savoury fillings
sandwich fillings

the artificial substance put into holes in teeth to repair them

Question 9

duvet [/ˈduː.veɪ/]

Answer 9

a large, soft, flat bag filled with feathers or artificial material used as a covering on a bed

لحاف

Question 10

artificial [/ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/]

Answer 10

made by people, often as a copy of something natural:
clothes made of artificial fibres
an artificial heart
an artificial lake

Question 11

synthetic [/sɪnˈθet.ɪk/]

Answer 11

Synthetic products are made from artificial substances, often copying a natural product:
synthetic fibres

Question 12

comprehensive [/ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv◂/]

Answer 12

including all the necessary facts, details, or problems that need to be dealt with SYN thorough
We offer our customers a comprehensive range of financial products.
a comprehensive guide to British hotels and restaurants

Question 13

vast [/vɑːst/]

Answer 13

extremely large SYN huge
vast amounts/numbers/quantities/sums etc (of something)
The government will have to borrow vast amounts of money.
The refugees come across the border in vast numbers.

Question 14

majority [/məˈdʒɒrəti/]

Answer 14

MOST PEOPLE OR THINGS [singular] most of the people or things in a group OPP minority
majority of
The majority of workers find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they earn.

Question 15

resident [/ˈrezɪdənt/]

Answer 15

1 someone who lives or stays in a particular place
the residents of Westville
2 American English a doctor working at a hospital where he or she is being trained SYN registrar [/ˌredʒəˈstrɑː◂/] British English

Question 16

prescription [/prɪˈskrɪpʃən/]

Answer 16

1 a piece of paper on which a doctor writes what medicine a sick person should have, so that they can get it from a pharmacist → prescribe
prescription for
a prescription for sleeping pills
We are trying to cut the price of prescription drugs.
a repeat prescription (=one that you have regularly)
fill a prescription American English (=get the drugs a doctor has written that you need)
I got the prescription filled on the way home.
2 a particular medicine or treatment ordered by a doctor for a sick person
If you’re pregnant, you can get free prescriptions.

Question 17

exemption [/ɪɡˈzempʃən/]

Answer 17

1 [countable] an amount of money that you do not have to pay tax on
You qualify for a tax exemption on the loan.
2 [countable, uncountable] permission not to do or pay something that you would normally have to do or pay
exemption from
exemption from customs duties
The commission granted temporary exemptions.

Question 18

acupuncture [/ˈækjəˌpʌŋktʃə/]

Answer 18

a treatment for pain and disease that involves pushing special needles into parts of the body
the four main acupuncture points

Question 19

massage [/ˈmæsɑːʒ/]

Answer 19

the action of pressing and rubbing someone’s body with your hands, to help them relax or to reduce pain in their muscles or joints
Massage helps ease the pain.

Question 20

aromatherapy [/əˌrəʊməˈθerəpi/]

Answer 20

a treatment that uses massage (=rubbing the body) with pleasant smelling natural oils to reduce pain and make you feel well

Question 21

chiropractic [/ˈkaɪrəʊpræktɪk/]

Answer 21

the treatment of physical problems by pressing on and moving the bones in someone’s back and joints

Question 22

reflexology [/ˌriːflekˈsɒlədʒi/]

Answer 22

a type of alternative medicine in which areas of the feet are touched or rubbed in order to cure medical problems in other parts of the body

Question 23

anagram [/ˈænəɡræm/]

Answer 23

a word or phrase that is made by changing the order of the letters in another word or phrase
‘Silent’ is an anagram of ‘listen’.

Question 24

cut down

Answer 24

1 REDUCE to reduce the amount of something
cut something ↔ down
Installing double-glazing will cut down the noise from traffic.
on
By getting the design right, you can cut down on accidents.
2 EAT/USE LESS to eat, drink, or use less of something, especially in order to improve your health
I’ve always smoked, but I’m trying to cut down.
on
Cut down on fatty foods if you want to lose weight.

Question 25

cut out

Answer 25

Eliminate, Stop it completely
1 REMOVE SOMETHING cut something ↔ out to remove something by cutting round it
The cancerous cells had to be cut out.
cut something ↔ out of
Billy showed me the article he’d cut out of the magazine.
2 CUT A SHAPE cut something ↔ out to cut a shape from a piece of paper, cloth etc
The children were cutting out squares from the scraps of material.
3 STOP SOMETHING HAPPENING cut something ↔ out to stop something from happening or existing
The idea behind these forms is to cut out fraud.
A catalytic converter will cut out 90% of carbon monoxide emissions.
4 STOP DOING/EATING SOMETHING cut something ↔ out to stop doing or eating something, especially because it might be bad for your health
The current advice to pregnant women is to cut out alcohol.

Question 26

take up

Answer 26

Start
1 take something ↔ up to become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it
Roger took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest.
2 take something up to start a new job or have a new responsibility
Peter will take up the management of the finance department.

Question 27

work out

Answer 27

based on context like gym, it means exercise.
1 PLAN work something ↔ out to think carefully about how you are going to do something and plan a good way of doing it
UN negotiators have worked out a set of compromise proposals.
work out what/where/how etc
We need to work out how we’re going to get there.
I had it all worked out (=had made very careful plans).
2 CALCULATE work something ↔ out to calculate an answer, amount, price etc
See if you can work this bill out.
work out how much/how many etc
We’ll have to work out how much food we’ll need for the party.
3 UNDERSTAND work something ↔ out especially British English to think about something and manage to understand it
The plot is very complicated – it’ll take you a while to work it out.
work something out for yourself
I’m sure you can work it out for yourself.

Question 28

give up

Answer 28

quit

Question 29

call in

Answer 29

1 call somebody/something ↔ in to ask someone to come and help you with a difficult situation
The government then called in troops to deal with the disturbances.
2 to telephone somewhere, especially the place where you work, to tell them where you are, what you are doing etc
Rachael called in sick (=telephoned to say she was too ill to come to work).
3 to telephone a radio or television show to give your opinion or to ask a question
Over 2,000 viewers called in with complaints about the bad language used in the programme.
4 call in a loan/debt to officially tell someone to pay back money you lent them
The bank can call in the loan at any time.
5 British English to visit a person or place while you are on your way to somewhere else
on/at
Could you call in on Mum on your way home?

Question 30

call out

Answer 30

1 to say something loudly
call something ↔ out
‘Hi there!’ I called out.
to
The firemen called out to him.
2 call somebody ↔ out to ask or order a person or an organization to help, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation
The army was called out to help fight fires.

Question 31

pull

Answer 31

1 MOVE SOMETHING TOWARDS YOU [intransitive, transitive] to use your hands to make something or someone move towards you or in the direction that your hands are moving OPP push
Mom! Davey’s pulling my hair!
pull somebody/something into/away from/over etc something
He pulled her down into her seat.
pull something open/shut
She pulled open the door and hurried inside.

2 REMOVE [transitive] to use force to take something from the place where it is fixed or held
She has to have two teeth pulled.
pull something out/off/away etc
Vicky had pulled the arm off her doll.

3 MAKE SOMETHING FOLLOW YOU [transitive] to be attached to something or hold something and make it move behind you in the direction you are going
a tractor pulling a trailer

4 TAKE SOMETHING OUT [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to take something out of a bag, pocket etc with your hand
He pulled out his wallet and said ‘let me pay’.
Ben pulled a pen from his pocket.
pull a gun/knife (on somebody) (=take one out, ready to use it)

Question 32

under the weather

Answer 32

informal slightly ill
You look a bit under the weather.

to say you are not feeling a hundred percent, not just feeling right
Today, I feel under the weather.

Question 33

throw [/θrəʊ/]

Answer 33

1 THROW A BALL/STONE ETC [intransitive, transitive] to make an object such as a ball move quickly through the air by pushing your hand forward quickly and letting the object go
throw something to somebody
He threw his shirt to someone in the crowd.

2 PUT SOMETHING CARELESSLY [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to put something somewhere quickly and carelessly
He threw a handful of money onto the table.
Don’t just throw your clothes on the floor – pick them up!
3 PUSH ROUGHLY/VIOLENTLY [transitive always + adverb/preposition] to push someone or something roughly and violently
The bus stopped suddenly and we were all thrown forwards.
The guards threw Biko to the ground and started kicking him.

You throw something to someone when you want them to catch it. You throw something at someone when you want to hit them.

Question 34

put up

Answer 34

1 BUILD put something ↔ up to build something such as a wall, fence, building etc SYN erect
They’re putting up several new office blocks in the centre of town.

2 FOR PEOPLE TO SEE put something ↔ up to put a picture, notice etc on a wall so that people can see it
Can I put up some posters?

4 INCREASE put something ↔ up British English to increase the cost or value of something SYN raise
Most big stores admit they daren’t put prices up for fear of losing their customers.

Question 35

daren’t

Answer 35

Daren’t is a contraction of dare not and means lacking courage to do something. Daren’t is an example of how a character in a Shakespeare play would say they are afraid to do something.

Question 36

put in

Answer 36

1 put something ↔ in to fix a piece of equipment somewhere and connect it so that it is ready to be used SYN install
We decided to have a new bathroom put in.
2 put something ↔ in to spend time or use energy working or practising something
Dorothy had put in a lot of hard work during her six years as chairperson.

Question 37

give in

Answer 37

1 to finally agree to do or accept something that you had at first opposed, especially because someone has forced or persuaded you to
Eventually I gave in and accepted the job on their terms.
Bob’s wife went on at him so much that eventually he gave in.
to
The government refused to give in to their demands.

2 to accept that you are defeated in a game, fight, competition etc → surrender
The rebels were eventually forced to give in.

Question 38

contrary [/ˈkɒntrəri/]

Answer 38

contrary ideas, opinions, or actions are completely different and opposed to each other SYN opposing
Two contrary views emerged.
The men shouted contrary orders.