Ch 1: Intro

Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the three major concentrations of I-O psychology?

a. personnel psychology
b. industrial technology
c. human engineering
d. organizational psychology

Answer 1

b. industrial technology

Question 2

Motivation, stress, leadership, and teamwork are addressed by:

a. personnel psychology
b. industrial technology
c. human engineering
d. organizational psychology

Answer 2

d. organizational psychology

Question 3

The Hawthorne studies were used to examine the effects of:

a. revery obsession
b. mass group testing
c. manipulating workplace lighting
d. time and motion

Answer 3

c. manipulating workplace lighting

Question 4

I-O psychology is defined as:

a. the influence of an individual’s personality on work and non-work behaviors.
b. the application of psychological principles, theory, and research to the work setting.
c. the concept of contextual work and organizational citizenship behavior.
d. the study of ways to maximize productivity .

Answer 4

b. the application of psychological principles, theory, and research to the work setting.

Question 5

All of the following studies examined productivity in the workplace except:

a. time and motion
b. revery obsession
c. Hawthorne studies
d. Stanford-Binet

Answer 5

d. Stanford-Binet

Question 6

When individuals from different geographic locations work together, it is known as:

a. telecommuting
b. virtual teams
c. digitization
d. welfare-to-work

Answer 6

b. virtual teams

Question 7

An expatriate is:

a. the distribution of emotional roles between genders
b. a manager or professional assigned to work abroad
c. a culture that minimizes distances between individuals
d. a culture that depends on the distances between individuals

Answer 7

b. a manager or professional assigned to work abroad

Question 8

Which of the following countries has a collectivist culture?

a. United States
b. German
c. Japan
d. France

Answer 8

c. Japan

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the dimensions in Hofstede’s theory of culture?

a. power distance
b. uncertainty avoidance
c. conscientiousness
d. masculinity/femininity

Answer 9

c. conscientiousness

Question 10

The “West versus the Rest” mentality refers to the:

a. degree to which individuals are expected to look after themselves versus the group.
b. degree to which members of a culture feel comfortable in unpredictable situations.
c. extent of immediate versus delayed gratification of members of a culture.
d. tendency to apply American theories to non-American situations.

Answer 10

d. tendency to apply American theories to non-American situations.

Question 11

The application of psychological principles, theory, and research to the work setting.

Answer 11

Industrial organisational psychology

Question 12

Field of psychology that addresses issues such as recruitment, selection, training, performance, appraisal, promotion, transfer, and termination

Answer 12

Personnel Psychology

Question 13

Practices such as recruitment, selection, retention, training, and development of people in order to achieve individual and organizational goals.

Answer 13

Human resources

Question 14

Field of psychology that combines research from social psychology and organizational behavior and addresses the emotional and motivational side of work.

Answer 14

Organizational psychology

Question 15

The study of the capacities and limitations of humans with respect to a particular environment.

Answer 15

Human engineering or human factors psychology

Question 16

A model that uses scientific tools and research in the practice of I-O psychology.

Answer 16

Scientist practitioner model

Question 17

Program that requires individuals to work in return for government subsidies.

Answer 17

Welfare-to-work program

Question 18

Accomplishing work tasks from a distant location using electronic communication media.

Answer 18

Telecommuting

Question 19

Team that has widely dispersed members working together toward a common goal and linked through computers and other technology.

Answer 19

Virtual team

Question 20

A well- known intelligence test designed for testing one individual at a time. Originally developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon in 1905, the Binet–Simon test was updated starting in 1916 by Lewis Terman and colleagues at Stanford University, which led to the test’s current name

Answer 20

Stanford–Binet test

Question 21

A movement based on principles developed by Frederick W. Taylor, who suggested that there was one best and most efficient way to perform various jobs.

Answer 21

Scientific Management

Question 22

Studies that broke every action down into its constituent parts, timed those movements with a stopwatch, and developed new and more efficient movements that would reduce fatigue and increase productivity.

Answer 22

Time and motion studies

Question 23

Australian psychologist Elton Mayo proposed that this mental state resulted from the mind-numbing, repetitive, and difficult work that characterized U.S. factories in the early 20th century, causing factory workers to be unhappy, prone to resist management attempts to increase productivity, and sympathetic to labor unions.

Answer 23

Revery obsession

Question 24

Research done at the Hawthorne, Illinois, plant of the Western Electric Company that began as attempts to increase productivity by manipulating lighting, rest breaks, and work hours. This research showed the important role that workers’ attitudes played in productivity.

Answer 24

Hawthorne Studies

Question 25

The results of the Hawthorne studies ushered in this movement, which focused on work attitudes and the newly discovered emotional world of the worker.

Answer 25

Human relations movement

Question 26

A system in which individuals share meanings and common ways of viewing events and objects.

Answer 26

Culture

Question 27

The tendency for researchers to develop theories relevant to U.S. situations, with less concern given to their applicability in other countries.

Answer 27

“West versus the Rest” mentality

Question 28

Manager or professional assigned to work in a location outside of his or her home country.

Answer 28

Expatriate

Question 29

A culture that values the group more than the individual.

Answer 29

Collectivist culture

Question 30

A culture that values the individual more than the group.

Answer 30

Individualist culture

Question 31

The degree to which individuals are expected to look after themselves versus remaining integrated into groups

Answer 31

Individualism/collectivism

Question 32

A culture that minimizes distances between individuals.

Answer 32

Horizontal culture

Question 33

A culture that accepts and depends upon distances between individuals.

Answer 33

Vertical culture