Nerves!

Question 1

3 basic functions of nervous system

Answer 1

Sensory
Integrative- analyzing sensory info and makes decisions on behavior
Response- to stimuli by muscle movement or gland secretions

Question 2

2 divisions of nervous system

Answer 2

Central & Peripheral

Question 3

Afferent Neuron

Answer 3

aka sensory neurons- conduct impulses from various parts of the body to the CNS (are part of the PNS)
Unipolar neurons

Question 4

Efferent Neurons

Answer 4

aka motor neurons- out put component, which is the movement/action originating from the CNS to the muscle or glands
Effect= bring about a response
multi polar

Question 5

PNS divides into 2 systems

Answer 5

Somatic- voluntary movements– senses

Autonomic- involuntary in viscera (aka involuntary nervous system)

Question 6

ANS divides into 2 more systems

Answer 6

Sympathetic- fight or flight= simulator

Parasympathetic- prepares for F or F = inhibitor

Question 7

Neuroglia

Answer 7

support nurture and protect neurons. 2 types in PNS- Schwann cells which make myelin sheath; Satellite cells which support ganglia neurons. Smaller cells. 4 types in CSN (astrocytes, microglial, ependymal, oligodendrocytes)
“Nerve glue”
aka Glial cells

Question 8

Functional contact btwn 2 neaurons

Answer 8

synapes

Question 9

Classifications of neurons

Answer 9

Unipolar- 1 process that is fusion of dendtrite and axon. divides like at off cell body
Bipolar- 1 dend + 1 axon that extend from either side of cell body
Multipolar- several dend + 1 axon. most common. Major type in CNS. Looks like what I think of when I think neuron

Question 10

Association nerves

Answer 10

carry impluses from one neuron to another and make up 90% of body

Question 11

White matter

Answer 11

myelinated- all CNS most PNS. Only axons can be myelinated. Dentrites are NEVER myelinated.

Question 12

Grey matter

Answer 12

non- myelinated

Question 13

Polarized

Answer 13

membrane potential in a cell

Question 14

continuous conduction

Answer 14

in unmyelinated axons which is a step by step depolarization of adjacent areas on plasma membrane

Question 15

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 15

the spot in a myelinated sheath that is a gap to allow for impulse pass. There are groups of voltage gated Na+ channels here

Question 16

Saltatory Conduction

Answer 16

the jumping on impulse from one node of ranvier to the next

Question 17

synapes

Answer 17

area between 2 neurons or neuron + effector, filled with extracellular fluid

Question 18

sender of the signal neuron

Answer 18

Presynaptic

Question 19

receiver of the implus

Answer 19

Post synaptic

Question 20

how many types of synapes

Answer 20

2. Electrical and chemical. Electrical send through gap junctions( minute fluid filled tunnels between plasma membrane of each neuron) Electrical are way faster. they are 2 way. and can synchronize activity of group of neurons and effectors

Question 21

Neuronal Pool

Answer 21

buttloads of neurons organized into complecated patterns in CSN. These get arragned into circucits. 4 types of circutes

Question 22

What are the 4 types of neuronal pool circuits in the CNS?

Answer 22

Divergence- 1 presynaptic that synapes with many postsynaptic
Convergeence- many presynaptic synaping to 1 post synaptic neuron
Reverberating- presynaptic cell stimulated causes post syn cell to transmit series of impulses done a chain. Ex- breathing. & short term memory
Parallel after discharge- 1 pre stimulates a group with a common post cell. Causes varying synaptic delts so last neuron exhibits multiple impules. Believed to be used for presise thinknig like math problems

Question 23

4 parts of the brain

Answer 23

Stem- stalk of mushroom)
Diencephalon- above stem
Cerebrum- cap of mushroom
Cerebellum- behind stem

Question 24

What makes up the stem?

Answer 24

Medulla- joins with spinal cord making inferior part of stem

Question 25

ganglia

Answer 25

collection of neuron bodies (in PNS). Similar cluster of cell bodies in CSN are called Nuclei