Peripheral Venous Cannulation Flashcards
What are the indications for venous cannulation?
Unwell patient, Shock, IV fluids/ drugs, blood product transfusions
What are the contraindications for cannulation?
Competent patient refusal, ipsilateral AV fistula
What are alternatives to cannulation?
central venous cannulation, alternative route of administration (PO, IM, SC etc.)
What are the early and late compliations of cannulation?
Early - haematoma, extravasation, local damage, air embolism
Late - Thrombophlebitis, Cellulitis
What equipment is required for a cannula?
Toniquet, alcohol wipe, cannula, predrawn saline flush, dressing, gauze
How can veins be enhanced for cannulation?
Torniquet, warmth, gravity, asking patient to clench fist
How often must cannulas be checked?
8 hourly
How long can a cannula stay in situ?
As long as required if no signs of phlebitis
What are the signs of phlebitis?
Warmth, itching, erythema, pain, swelling
What are the indications for giving fluids?
Volume replacement, maintenance, electrolyte abnormalities
What are the contraindications to fluids?
Patient refusal, allergy, overload e.g. heart failure or CKD
What is the procedure for giving fluids?
Gel hands and put on apron and gloves
Check all prescriptions and patients bloods
Check use by dates of fluids and sets etc.
Attach set together
Close roller clamp
Sqeeze fluid into chamber
Allow to run through
Change gloves and apron
Clean needle free conector on bag and cannula and allow to dry
Flush cannula and attach the fluids
What are sensible losses?
Output that can be measured including:
- Urine
- D and V
- Drains
- Suction
What are insensible losses?
Fluid losses that can’t be measured and will change e.g. increased respiration
