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Biology 12 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The longest number of mitochondria is in what part of the sperm

A

Mid part

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2
Q

What phase occurs second in the menstrual cycle when the corpus luteum is releasing hormones

A

Luteal phase

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3
Q

These cells help to nanny or nurse sperm along to full maturity

A

Steroli cells

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4
Q

The Typical female menstrual cycle last around

A

28 days

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5
Q

The lining of the uterus is called

A

Endometrium

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6
Q

What gland provides milk to the newborn baby

A

Mammary glands

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7
Q

A human sperm or egg contains How many chromosomes

A

23

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8
Q

What is found in the penis to help to propel the contents

A

Smooth muscle tissue

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9
Q

Organ used for the storage of urine

A

Urinary bladder

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10
Q

The follicle which releases an egg from the ovary turns into ______ which begins releasing hormones

A

Corpus luteum

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11
Q

The male sex cell

A

Sperm

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12
Q

This substance feels a penis and clitoris during arousal

A

blood

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13
Q

What cap on the head of the sperm contains enzymes which help it to break through the outer layer of the egg

A

The acrosome cap

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14
Q

What gland secretes and alkaline fluid into the semen

A

Prostate gland

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15
Q

An organ which forms in the uterus during pregnancy

A

Placenta

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16
Q

The mother produces what to feed their new

A

Milk

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17
Q

Female sex cell

A

Egg

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18
Q

What phase of the menstrual cycle occurs first This is when a follicle is developing in an ovary

A

The follicular phase

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19
Q

Both sperm and egg are haploid because they were formed by the process of

A

Meiosis

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20
Q

Is produced by the breast in the first couple of days of breast-feeding it contains more protein and less fat than milk

A

Colostrum

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21
Q

Fertilized eggs known as a

A

zygote

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22
Q

smaller portion of a labia is called

A

Labia minora

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23
Q

The name of the fluid which is ejaculated from the penis

A

Seminal fluid

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24
Q

A collective term referring to all the external female genitalia

A

Vulva

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25
Q

Order to mature properly sperm must form in an environment that is

A

cooler than normal internal body temperature

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26
Q

This hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary is responsible for inhibiting the production of either sperm or eggs depending on the individual

A

FSH

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27
Q

The male copulatory organ

A

Pedipalp bulb

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28
Q

The female hormone which dominates in the latter portion of the menstral

A

Progesterone

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29
Q

This finger like structure wafts the egg cell from the ovarian into the oviduct

A

Fimbriae

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30
Q

Inhibin being produced as firm quantities increase in the testes is an example of a

A

Negative feedback

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31
Q

The birth canal also a receptacle for the penis during copulation

A

Vagina

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32
Q

The expulsion semen from the penis

A

Ejaculation

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33
Q

Tube leading from the bladder to the outside environment

A

Urethra

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34
Q

The production of oxytocin during labor is an example of a

A

Positive feedback system

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35
Q

Found at the top of the vagina this is the opening of the uterus

A

Cervix

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36
Q

Sometimes called the womb this is where the Fetus develops

A

Uterus

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37
Q

Tissue in the penis fills during arousal

A

Erectile tissue

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38
Q

Two tubules are the location of the spermatogenesis

A

seminiferous

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39
Q

This hormone is responsible For uterine contractions during labor and milk production postpartum

A

Oxytocin

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40
Q

Skin sack which contains the testes

A

Scrotum

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41
Q

Attached to the side of the tests which contains numerous tubules

A

Rete testis

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42
Q

The release of the lining of the uterus during the first days of the female cycle

A

menstruation

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43
Q

The release of an egg on day 14 of the cycle due to a surge in the leutenizing hormone

A

Ovulation

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44
Q

Hormones which caused the uterus to contract

A

Progesterone

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45
Q

Tissue in females which contains many nerve receptors analogous to the Penis in males

A

Clitoris

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46
Q

Membrane which may cover the opening of the vagina

A

Hymen

47
Q

Paired organs which secrete fructose and prostaglandin

A

Seminal vesicles

48
Q

Breast milk contains numerous ______ which can help protect newborns from various diseases

A

antibodies

49
Q

Male sex hormone which induces sperm production in Male secondary sexual characteristics

A

Testosterone

50
Q

Female sex organ which produces eggs and hormones

A

Ovaries

51
Q

Also known as the fallopian tubes the structure leads from me over to the uterus

A

Oviduct

52
Q

The uniting of the Nuclei of a sperm and egg is considered the moment of

A

Conception

53
Q

Location of sperm into testosterone production

A

Testis

54
Q

The hormone is released by the anterior Pituitary and causes the sex for months to release either male or female sex hormones

A

LH

55
Q

This gland secretes slippery fluid sometimes referred to as pre ejaculation

A

Bulbouretheral gland

56
Q

Where do the paired organs testes develop?

A

Testes develop from the gonads within abdomen of fetus

57
Q

Interstitial cells

A

Surround the seminiferous Tubules and produce the male hormone testosterone

58
Q

How does the sperm propel into the vas deferens

A

from peristaltic muscle contractions

59
Q

What is the sperm go when it moves from storage

A

It moves in the epididymis and vas deference to urethra for ejaculation

60
Q

What are the three parts of sperm

A

Head, mid piece and tail

61
Q

The development of sperm involves meiosis

A

Spermatogenesis

62
Q

Impotency

A

Is failure to become erect

63
Q

Semen

A

Thick whitish fluid containing sperm and secretions from three organs

64
Q

To vesicles joint to vas deferens, it’s secretion are added to Seaman at the time of ejaculation

A

Seminal vesicles

65
Q

Secretion of fructose

A

For ATP production

66
Q

Hormones that cause uterus to contract and help propel the sperm

A

Secretion of prostaglandins

67
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics in men

A

Hair growth in the nether regions and face, muscle growth and voice change

68
Q

Ovaries

A

To egg shapes on each side of the uterus and pelvic abdominal cavity. They produce eggs and the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone

69
Q

Oviducts

A

Tubes to the uterus and extend from near ovaries into the uterus they sweep eggs Up from ovaries using fimbriae

70
Q

Uterus

A

Thick walled muscular hollow pear-shaped organ for nurturing embryo opening and service leads to vagina lies on top of the bladder

71
Q

mons pubis

A

Female fatty prominent under pubic hair

72
Q

Clitoris

A

Erectile organ/tissue

73
Q

What are the three hormones during the menstrual cycle

A

The GNRH (gonadotrophic releasing hormone), the LH (luteinizing hormone), the FSH (follicule stimulating hormone)

74
Q

FSH

A

Causes the stimulation of the follicle to develop secreting estrogen

75
Q

LH

A

The release of an egg from the follicle this is called ovulation

76
Q

Where more FSH and LH to be secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and therefore more estrogen secreted by the follicle

A

GNRH

77
Q

If levels of estrogen are above homeostatic concentration this will exert

A

Negative feedback on the hypothalamus and anterior to Pituitary gland

78
Q

Positive feedback is involved when

A

13 is at the metro cycle so that Ovulation will occur on day 14

79
Q

Negative feedback is involved when

A

When concentration of estrogen and progesterone lower resulting in menstruation

80
Q

Are the two main phases of menstrual cycle

A

The follicular phase and the luteal phase

81
Q

Estrogen steroid hormone is produced by what

A

The ovaries

82
Q

What does estrogen do

A

Stimulates growth of ovaries and uterus at puberty, works with progesterone for breast development, responsible for secondary sex characteristics, responsible for uterine cycle and matures egg during follicular phase

83
Q

Ovarian cycle

A

Lowes levels of female hormones and blood from days 1 to 5, FSH levels increase days 6 to 13, causes a follicle temperature makes more estrogen, secretes a large amount of GNRH leading to an LH surge day 13 causes ovulation at day 14. Negative feedback by estrogen on FSH and follicular phase, Day 15 to 28 corpus luteum makes increasing amount of progesterone, hi progesterone cause negative control over interior pituitary secretions of LH causing corpus luteum to degenerate as luteal phase and menstration occurs

84
Q

Uterine cycle

A

Low levels of female hormones cause menstruation day 1 to 5 endometrium breaks down, day 6 to 13 the rising levels of estrogen make the endometrium thicken and become vascular and glandular. The endometrium rebuild itself, days 15 to 28 progesterone makes end meet you I’m double in thickness, uterine glands mature and release thick mucoid secretion. As corpus luteum degenerates progesterone secretion decreases this causes maturation to occur again

85
Q

Fertilization

A

Occurs in the fallopian tube, only one will fertilize the egg. The dark roast some releases it and I am which breaks through the outer layer of the egg. The plasma membrane of the egg and sperm fuse and the nucleus from the sperm enters the egg. Finally the sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus which will cause conception this individual is called a zygote

86
Q

Implantation

A

Occurs within a few days of fertilization. Since the developing offspring needs to grow in the uterus and disturbed, the usual menstruation of cycle must be interrupted for nine months

87
Q

What do outer layers of the embryo cell produce

A

Human chorionic Gandotrophic hormones HCG Which means the corpus luteum so that progesterone and estrogen continue to be produced

88
Q

where is oxytocin made and stored?

A

oxytocin is made in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary.

89
Q

what triggers childbirth?

A

prostaglandins and oxytocin from mothers pituitary gland: both hormones can induce labor.

90
Q

oxytocin has a

A

positive feedback loop

91
Q

breasts contain?

A

1-2 dozen alveoli, each with many mammary ducts ending in blind sacs

92
Q

pigment around the nipple, lacks hair and sweat glands but has saliva resistant lubricants

A

areola

93
Q

alveoli

A

blind sacs

94
Q

why do boobs have saliva resistant lubricants

A

babies saliva would dissolve it

95
Q

prolactin

A

hormone stimulates alveoli to produce milk a couple days after delivery

96
Q

what structures complete semen?

A

the prostate gland, the seminal fluid and the bulbourethral

97
Q

what’s the difference between fertilization and pregnancy

A

fertilization is the act or process of rendering fertile and pregnancy is the condition of being pregnant.

98
Q

differences between sperm and egg

A

sperm is motile, smallest cell and X&Y chromosome. the egg is non motile, largest cell and X chromosomes.

99
Q

why keep your ovaries if you aren’t reproducing?

A

protect you from heart disease

100
Q

what’s the secondary role after ovulation?

A

oocyte or ovum may implant there 6–12 days

101
Q

labia minora is the male

A

scrotum

102
Q

testes are the female

A

ovaries

103
Q

ciltoris is the male

A

penis

104
Q

order of sperm to vagina

A

sperm enters vagina and avoids vaginal acid and immune response, they contact cervical musus and enter the cervix, then into the uterus.

105
Q

Fallopian tube is also known as a

A

oviduct

106
Q

where is sperm made (spermatogenesis)

A

develops in the testes in tiny tubes called seminiferous tubules.

107
Q

dominant hormone in follicular phase?

A

estrogen

108
Q

dominant hormone in luteal phase?

A

progesterone

109
Q

Inhibin

A

secreted by the gonads, that inhibit the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland.

110
Q

positive feedback hormone?

A

oxytocin

111
Q

negative feedback hormone?

A

thyroid hormone

112
Q

sperm leaves male route

A

sperm gets expelled from he tail of epidemics into the vas deferens, then travels up to the spermarie and into the pelvic cavity over the ureter to prostate behind the bladder.

113
Q

what happened leading up to pregnancy

A

you produce more blood causing you blue veins to be more prominent.

114
Q

what dilates during pregnancy

A

cervix

Biology 12 (7 decks)

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