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Science > Chemistry Revision > Flashcards

Chemistry Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of an Acid?

A
  • are corrosive
  • have a sour taste
  • Ph scale of less than 7
  • Reacts with a metal to form hydrogen gas.
  • Turns blue litmus indicator red.
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of a Base?

A
  • Have a bitter taste
  • Feels soapy
  • Some are corrosive
  • Can be dissolved in water
  • can be called alkalis
  • Ph scale of more than 7
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3
Q

What is the Ph scale?

A

The Ph scale is a scale between 1-14 that tells you how acidic or basic a substance is

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4
Q

How do you identify substances on the Ph scale?

A
  • Acids have a Ph of less than 7
  • Bases have a Ph or more than 7
  • Neutral solutions have a Ph of 7
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5
Q

What are Atoms made up of?

A

Particles such as:

  • Protons (p+)
  • Neutrons (n)
  • Electrons (e-)
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6
Q

How much heavier are p+ and n than e-?

A

1800x heavier (electrons are the lightest particles)

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7
Q

What is located in the Centre of the atom?

A

p+ and n, in the nucleus

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8
Q

What spins around the nucleus?

A

e-, in the electron shell

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9
Q

What is the difference between an Atom and an Ion?

A
  • Atoms have no charge (p+ are equal to e-)

- Ions develop charges either positive or negative from losing or gaining electrons

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10
Q

How do you figure out the protons, neutrons and electrons in an element?

A

On the periodic table:

  • the mass number, that is on top of the symbol of the element is the p+ and e-
  • The neutrons are calculated by the mass number minus the atomic number
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11
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom. (gold, oxygen)

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12
Q

What is a compound?

A

Compounds are pure substances made up of two or more different types of atoms

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13
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Mixtures are made up of different elements or compounds that aren’t chemically bonded and can have different ratios (coke)

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14
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

Isotopes are versions of the same element, but with different numbers of neutrons

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15
Q

What is the electron shell configuration max

A

2,8,8

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16
Q

What is a valency?

A

The valency of an atom is the number of electrons on the last shell of the electron shell.

17
Q

What are the types particles

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta
  • Gamma
18
Q

What are the characteristics of an Alpha particle?

A
  • positively charged
  • cause serious injury if inhaled, eaten or injected
  • contains helium nuclei that have two p+ and n
19
Q

What are the characteristics of a Beta particle?

A
  • same size and mass as electrons
  • can have positive or negative electric charge
  • can penetrate and damage skin
20
Q

What are the characteristics of Gamma rays?

A
  • not particles
  • high energy electromagnetic radiation produced during nuclear reaction
  • no mass
  • can travel at the speed of light
21
Q

What do Bases and acids have?

A
  • Bases = OH+

- Acid = H+

22
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic reactions produce heat or light (sources of energy)
ex. fire

23
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

An endothermic reaction absorbs sources of energy.

ex. Melting ice

24
Q

What are the types of reactions?

A
  • Combustion
  • Combination
  • Decomposition
25
Q

What is a Combustion reaction?

A

Combustion reactions have a substance that reacts with oxygen and heat which is then released. (burning a substance in oxygen)

26
Q

What is a Combination reaction?

A

Combination reactions are different reactions of substances combining to form one new substance

27
Q

What is a Decomposition Reaction?

A

Decomposition Reactions are the opposite of combination reactions. One substance breaks down to form two or more new substances

28
Q

What are some common reactions?

A
  • acid + base —-> salt + water
  • acid + hydroxide —–> salt + water
  • acid + oxide —–> salt + water

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