Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Nervous System > The Central Nervous system > Flashcards

The Central Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the NS?

A

The brain, spinal cord and all peripheral nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the NS do?

A

It detects and responds to changes in and out the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the nervous system divide into?

A

The Central NS and the Peripheral NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the CNS made up of?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the CNS specifically control?

A

Controls and coordinates voluntary actions of the body (e.g. walking/talking) and involuntary actions of the body (e.g. heart beat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Peripheral NS?

A

All the nerves in the body (which connect up to the CNS), are gathered into bundles and wrapped in a connective tissue sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are nerves?

A

The ‘long processes’ of neurones (nerve cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are neurones?

A

Nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do Motor neurons do?

A

Carry impulses from CNS to muscles/glands to act as effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do Sensory neurons do?

A

Carry impulses towards the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the node of ranvier?

A

The point between two Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the node of ranvier do?

A

Enables electrical impulses to jump from one node to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does myelinated mean?

A

Surrounded by a fatty sheath of myelin (formed inside Schwann cells which are wrapped around nerve fibres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is grey matter made up of?

A

Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is white matter made up of?

A

Glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 types of glial cells present in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

Satellite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are action potentials?

A

An electrical message generated by a nerve cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

The leaping/travelling of the AP down the axon (jumping from node to node)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the distance between nodes?

A

0.2 -2 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

WHat is a synapse?

A

The gap between the end of one neurone and the next neurone

21
Q

When can an impulse cross the synapse?

A

When a neruotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft

22
Q

What four lobes are part of the brain?

A

Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe

23
Q

What two cortex’ are part of the brain?

A

Sensory cortex

Motor cortex

24
Q

What are the two hemispheres of the brain?

A

Left - LLogical, analytical

Right - cRReativity, feelings

25
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Executive functions, such as:

Thinking; planning; problem solving; emotions; behavioural control and personality

26
Q

What is the motor cortex responsible for?

A

Movement

27
Q

What is the sensory cortex responsible for?

A

Sensations

28
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible?

A

Perception; making sense of the world; spelling; arithmetic (working with numbers)

29
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Vision

30
Q

What is the brain stem responsible for?

A

Breathing; heart actions; digestion; alertness; sleep; swallow; vomit; sneezing

31
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Memory, understanding, language

32
Q

What is the brain protected by?

A

Cranium
Cranial meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid
Blood brain barrier

33
Q

What are the cranial meninges?

A

Protective structures which support blood vessels and form a continuous cavity for the cerebrospinal fluid to pass through

34
Q

What are the three types of cranial meninges?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

35
Q

What is the Dura mater?

A

One of the three layers which make up the cranial meninges - the outermost layer of the 3 membranes

36
Q

What is the structure of the dura mater?

A

Thick membrane of dense irregular connective tissues, outermost layer

37
Q

What is the Arachnoid mater?

A

One of the three layers of the cranial meninges, the middle layer of the three membranes

38
Q

What is the structure of the Arachnoid mater?

A

A thin and transparent membrane, surrounding the spinal cord, the middle layer

39
Q

What is the Pia mater?

A

One of the three layers which make up the cranial meninges - the innermost layer

40
Q

What is the structure of the Pia mater?

A

A thin and fibrous tissue which is soluble to water and small solutes, allows blood vessels to pass through and nourish the brain

41
Q

What is the purpose of the Cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Provides protection, nourishment and waste removal

42
Q

What is the Cerebrospinal fluid?

A

A clear liquid which fills and surrounds the brain and spinal cord which acts as a barrier against shock/trauma

43
Q

What is the Blood brain barrier?

A

A very selective semipermeable membrane which prevents solutes (in the circulating blood) from non-selectively entering into the extracellular fluid of the CNS

44
Q

What is the spinal cord composed of?

A

Grey matter in the center, surrounded by white matter

45
Q

What two types of tissue does the CNS have?

A

Grey matter

White matter

46
Q

What is white matter made of?

A

Made up of axons connecting different parts of grey matter to each other

47
Q

What makes up grey matter?

A

Contains cell bodies; dendrites and axon terminals of neurones - so it is also where all synapses are located

48
Q

What are glial cells?

A

Non-neuronal cells in the C/PNS which don’t produce electrical impulses

49
Q

What do the glial cells do?

A

Form myelin, maintain homeostasis, help protect neurones

The Nervous System (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions