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animal diversity i > Coelenterata > Flashcards

Coelenterata Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cavity present in the coelenterata called

A

gastro-vascular cavity

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2
Q

what are the different types of gastro-vascular cavity

A
  1. with compartments

2. without compartments

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3
Q

which class of animals contains the gastro-vascular cavity with compartments

A

anthozoa

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4
Q

what are the members of phylum coelenterata called

A

cniderians/coelenterates

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5
Q

how do the gastro-vascular cavity of some members have compartments

A

due to the invagination of the body wall into the gasto-vascular cavity

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6
Q

who coined the term coelenterata

who coined the term cnideria

A

Leukart

Hyman

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7
Q

symmetry of the members of coelenterata

A

they are radially symmetrical except sea anemone bi

radially symmetrical

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8
Q

why are they called the cniderians

A

consist of the cnidoblast cells (stinging cells)

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9
Q

what kind of tentacles are found in hydra and obelia

A

hydra has hollow tentacles while obelia has solid tentacles (h for h)

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10
Q

what is the universal character of all cniderians

A

cnidoblast cells

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11
Q

what is the habitat of the cniderians (on the basis of the classes)

A

they are mostly marine and few fresh water (eg Hydra)
hydrozoa - most marine few fresh water
scyphozoa - marine
anthozoa - marine

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12
Q

name the following
sea fur
sea pen
se fan

A

obelia
pennantula
gorgonia

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13
Q

which of the following is solitary, colonial and free swimming
aurelia
obelia
hydra

A

hydra - solitary , sessile
obelia - colonial
aurelia - free swimming

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14
Q

what is the grade of organization of the members of coelenterata

A

they have tissue level of body organization

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15
Q

how many germ layer do the member of coelenterata have

A

2 they are diploblastic

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16
Q

what is the name of the body wall

A

epidermis and gastrodermis/endodermis

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17
Q

what is the middle transparent jelly like material called

A

mesoglea

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18
Q

what is mesoglea composed of

A

it is composed of mucopolysaccharide which is secreted by both epidermis and gastrodermis
this layer is non cellular

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19
Q

what is the function of the mesoglea

A

it provides nutrition to both epidermis and gastrodermis

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20
Q

Q. mesoglea in hydra:

a. non-cellular, can be crossed by interstitial cells
b. non-cellular, cannot be crossed by interstitial cells

A

it is non-cellular which can be crossed by the interstitial cells, during the time of bud formation the interstitial cells or the totipotent cells move from the gastrodermis to the epidermis

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21
Q

what is delamination

A

the process of conversion of hollow bastula to the solid gastrula by the proliferation of the bastomere cells

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22
Q

how is the gastrovascular cavity formed

A

gastrovascular cavity is formed by the splitting of the endodermal cells of gastrula

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23
Q

what are the different types of cells found only in epidermis

A 
S(2)INEG(2)
Stinging cells/Cnidoblast cells
sensory cells 
Interstitial cells
Nerve ells
Epithelio-muscular cells
Glandulomuscular cells
Germ cells/Sex cell
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24
Q

what are the two cells which are only found in the epidermis

A

CG
Cnidoblast cells
Germ cells

25
Q

in hydra the pedal disc is covered by

A

gland cells

26
Q

in hydra the tentacles have maximum number of

A

cnidoblast cell

27
Q

in hydra the origin of cnidoblast is

A

ectodermal

28
Q

what is nematocyst

A

it is the capsular structure around the nematoblast which stores and secrete hypnotoxin which paralyses the prey

29
Q

what are the different types of cnidoblast cells

A

penetrants/stenotels
volvents/desmonemes
holotrichors icorhiza/ streptoline glutinant
atrichous icorhiza/stereoline glutinant

30
Q

smallest nematocyst
largest nematocyst
largest glutinant
smallest glutinant

A

desmonemes/ volvents
stenotels/penetrants
streptoline glutinant/holotrichous ichrohiza
stereoline glutinant/atrichous ichorhiza

31
Q

which is the most complex nematocyst

A

stenotels/penetrants

32
Q

what are the different functions carried out by different nematoblast

A

penetrants/stenotels - secrete hypnotoxin and paralyses the prey
desmonemes/volvnet - coiles the paralysed prey
holotrichous ichorhiza/streptoline glutinant- attaches the prey
atrichous ichorhiza/streoline glutinant - helps in the looping movement (leech like movement)

33
Q

what is the sensory structure of the nematocyst called
what is the opening of the nematocyst called
what is the contractile thread like structure of the nematocyst called

A

cnidocil(because of the presence of its own sensory structure it is also called the independent effector of hydra, because the information gathered from the body wall has no use on it)
operculum
lasso

34
Q

what are the stimuli that stimulates the cnidocil

A

touch or the chemical glutathione (because of which hydra only feed on water flea i:e. daphnia and cyclopes as they secrete glutathione.

35
Q

what is the mechanism for the discharge of cnidoblast

A

it occurs by physical mechanism (hydrostatic pressure)

36
Q

what happens to the cnidoblast cell after it is discharged

A

the cnidoblast cell can only be discharged (used) once, after it is used it is sent to the gastrovascular cavity where it is digested

37
Q

what are the different mode of locomotion in hydra and which is most common, fastest and slowest

A

somersaulting - fastest
walking - cuttle fish like
looping (leech like)- most common
gliding movement (snail like) - slowest

38
Q

what are the stimuli that stimulates the cnidocil

A

touch or the chemical glutathione (because of which hydra only feed on water flea i:e. daphnia and cyclopes as they secrete glutathione.

39
Q

what is the mechanism for the discharge of cnidoblast

A

it occurs by physical mechanism (hydrostatic pressure)

40
Q

what happens to the cnidoblast cell after it is discharged

A

the cnidoblast cell can only be discharged (used) once, after it is used it is sent to the gastrovascular cavity where it is digested

41
Q

what are the different mode of locomotion in hydra and which is most common, fastest and slowest

A

somersaulting - fastest
walking - cuttle fish like
looping (leech like)- most common slowest

42
Q

what is the main function of the interstital cells

A

generation of further type of cell like the cnidoblast cells, germ cells or sex cells and give coelenterata the power of regeneration

43
Q

what is the mode of reproduction in hydra

A

hydra reproduce asexually by the formation of internal bud of gemma in favorable condition and sexually by gamete formation in unfavorable condition

44
Q

how does the body and tentacles regenerate

A

the body of hydra regenerate by morphollaxis while the tentacles regenerate by epimorphosis

45
Q

how is the distribution of testes and ovary in bisexual hydra

A

there are many testis and single ovary

46
Q

what is the origin of the gonads

A

gonads are ectodermal in origin as most of the interstitial cells are ectoderm ally situated

47
Q

what is the location of testis and ovary in hydra

A

testis are located towards the distal end while ovary are located towards the proximal end/aboral end

48
Q

how does the body and tentacles regenerate

A

the body of hydra regenerate by morphollaxis while the tentacles regenerate by epimorphosis

49
Q

what kind of cleavage is found in hydra

A

holoblastic cleavage

50
Q

what kind of development in found in hydra

A

direct development(development without the larval stage)

51
Q

explain the epithelio-muscular cell

A
  1. it is tall and uninucleated with epithelial part and muscular part
  2. the epithelial part has the covering of cuticle on it for protection (located towards the free end)
  3. just below the cuticle are the mucus body and the cuticle forming granules
  4. the muscular part is towards the narrower end located towards the mesoglea
52
Q

what is planula

A

this is the common larva of all the cniderians specially jellyfish, obelia, sea anemone and sea coral

53
Q

what is the function of myonemes of the epitheliomuscular cells

A

they are responsible for the shortening and bending of the body

54
Q

why does hydra shows movement

A

hydra shows movement for nutrition and suitable environment but not for locomotion

55
Q

explain the epithelio-muscular cell

A
  1. it is tall and uninucleated with epithelial part and muscular part
  2. the epithelial part has the covering of cuticle on it for protection
  3. just below the cuticle are the mucus body and the cuticle forming granules
  4. the muscular part is towards the narrower end located towards the mesoglea
56
Q

what do the muscular part of the epithelio-mucular cell contains

A

it has myonemes or myofibrils made up of actin and myosin

57
Q

what is the function of myonemes of the epitheliomuscular cells

A

they are responsible for the shortening and bending of the body

58
Q

what is the structure of the glandulo-muscular cell and where is it maximum in number

A

they are the modification of the epithelio-muscular cells located maximum on the pedal disc

59
Q

what is the function of the glandulo-muscular cell

A
  • gliding movement (by pseudopodia formation and lubricating the surface)
  • attachment to the substratum
  • sometimes create water bubble for the purpose of floating

animal diversity i (2 decks)

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