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Angielski (J) > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

mózg

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

kora mózgowa

A

cerebral cortex

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3
Q

podwzgórze

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

rdzen kregowy

A

spindal cord

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5
Q

łuk odruchowy

A

reflex arc

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6
Q

obwodowy sn

A

peipheral nervous system

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7
Q

płaty mózgowe

A

cerebral lobes

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8
Q

móżdżek

A

cerebellum

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9
Q

hipokamp

A

hippocampus

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10
Q

półklue mózgowe

A

cerebral hemispheres

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11
Q

the organs of the central nervous system

A

the brain: cerebrum, brainstem (pien mozgu), cerebellum

spinal cord

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12
Q

Peripheral nervous system is made of

A

nerves

neural ganglia

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13
Q

name three meninges

A

dura-mater - twarda
arachnoid
pia-mater

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14
Q

cells which support, feed and insulate (electrically) the neurons

A

glial cells

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15
Q

cells that receiving and transmitting the neural impulses

A

neurons

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16
Q

parts of neuron

A

dendrites
the cell body
axon

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17
Q

sth which are projections of the plasma membrane that recieve the neural impulses from other neurons

A

dendrites

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18
Q

sth where the nucleus and the main cellular organelles are located

A

the cell body

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19
Q

a long membranous projection that transmits the neural impulses at distance to other neurons, muscle cells and other effector cells

A

the axon

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20
Q

sth which is axon-containing structrure comprising many of them and covered by connective tissue

A

nerves

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21
Q

name a few kind of nerves

A

the one with sensosy axons - sensory nerves
the one with motor axons - motor nerves
the one with both - mixed nerves

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22
Q

sth that enclose and protect the central nervous system CNS

A

meninges

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23
Q

sth that separates the three layers that form the meninges

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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24
Q

sth that has three functions: nutrient transport, defence and mechanical protection of the cns.

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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25
Q

sth that fills and protects the cavities of the brain and the spinal cord

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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26
Q

the cerebrum is divided into dwo

A

cerebral hemispheres

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27
Q

each XXX is made of 4 YYY

name them!

A 
cerebral hemispheres
cerebral lobes
parietal ciemieniowy
frontal
temporal skroniowy
occipital potyliczny
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28
Q

The outter portion of a brainn, made of neural bodies

another name:

A

gray matter

cerebral cortex

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29
Q

The inner portion of a brain

A

white matter

made of axons

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30
Q

Brainstam is made of:

A

medulla
pons most
midbrain srodmozg

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31
Q

sth that continues down through the trunk to facilitate the neural integration of the whole body

A

the spinal cord

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32
Q

can be voluntary or involuntary

A

the efferent reactions

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33
Q

it is controlled by a person’s will

A

efferent reacion, type voluntary

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34
Q

it is not consciously controlled

A

efferent reacion, type involuntary

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35
Q

it is divided into sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic

A

the autonomic nervous system

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36
Q

ganglion

A

zwoj nerwowy

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37
Q

the structure through which neural impulses pass from one cell to another

A

the synapse

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38
Q

what is synapse composed by?

A

presynaptic membrane in the terminal portion of the axon
the synaptic cleft = synaptic space
the postsynaptic membrane in the dendrite of the receptor cell

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39
Q

information about the conditions of the external and internal environment are collected by…

A

specific neural structures called sensory receptors

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40
Q

a cleft

A

a gap, fissure, cerviCE

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41
Q

kręgowce

A

vertebrates

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42
Q

the ability to make cnocious choices and decisions

A

volition

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43
Q

sth that protrudes

A

a projection

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44
Q

zdrętwiały

A

numb

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45
Q

rozszerzać np naczynie

A

to dilate (dajlejt)

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46
Q

skurczać np mięsień

A

to contract

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47
Q

muscle skeletal or cardiac …

A

striated

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48
Q

to make sth easy

A

to facilitate

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49
Q

cranium…brain

A

encloses

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50
Q

neurons are…by a protective myelin sheath

A

insulated

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51
Q

wydłuża

A

extend

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52
Q

to precipitate

A

to cause

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53
Q

wieloogniskowy

A

multifocal

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54
Q

nakłucie lędźwiowe

A

spinal tap, lumbar puncture

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55
Q

impaired

A

damaged

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56
Q

to void

A

to pass water, to urinate

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57
Q

to choke on something

A

udławić się, zadławić

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58
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing in the ears

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59
Q

dexterity

A

manual dexterity

fingertip dexterity

60
Q

tubal ligation

A

podwiązanie jajników

61
Q

atheromatous

A

miażdżycowy

62
Q

artheroma

A

miażdżyca

63
Q

płytka miażdżycowa

A

PLAQUE atheromatous

64
Q

a lesion

A

pathological change

65
Q

the weakness experienced after a surgery, procedure, disease

A

residual weakness

66
Q

double vision

A

diplopia

67
Q

dizziness

A

vertigo

68
Q

facial droop

A

paraliz mordy

69
Q

weakness on one side of the body

A

hemiparesis

70
Q

a neck that is not stiff and can bend easily

A

supple neck

71
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

disease of the lymph nodes

72
Q

transparent structure found at the very front of the eye that helps to focus incoming light

A

cornea - rogówka

73
Q

a colored, ring-shaped membrane

A

iris - tęczówka

74
Q

adjustable circular opening in iris

A

pupil - źrenica

75
Q

a clear fluid that fills the space between the cornea and iris

A

aqueous humor

76
Q

situated behind the pupil, colorless

A

lens soczewka

77
Q

muscles surround the lens

A

ciliary muscles

78
Q

the interior chamber of the eyeball is filled with a jelly-like tissue called

A

the vitreous humor

ciało szkliste

79
Q

the sensitive layer of a cells

in the eye

A

retina

siatkówka

80
Q

the outermost layer; it gives most of the eyeball color

A

sclera

twardówka

81
Q

the middle layer between retina and sclera

A

choroid

naczyniówka

82
Q

embedded

A

osadzony

83
Q

pręciki

A

rods

84
Q

czopki

A

cones

85
Q

good for monochrome vision in poor light

A

rods

86
Q

sths used for color and for the detection of fine detail

A

cones

87
Q

dołek środkowy, plamka żółta

A

FOVEA

88
Q

nerw wzrokowy

A

optic nerve

89
Q

płatek ucha

A

LOBULE, EAR LOBE

90
Q

przewody półkoliste

A

semicircular canals

91
Q

otwór owalny

A

round window

92
Q

strzemiączko

A

the stapes

the stirrup

93
Q

trąbka austachiusza, sluchowa

A

eustachian tube

94
Q

malzowina uszna

A

pinna, auricle

95
Q

nerw słuchowy

A

cochlear nerve

96
Q

kowadełko

A

incus, anvil

97
Q

błona bębenkowa

A

tympanic membrane, eardrum

98
Q

nerw przedsionkowy

A

vestibular nerve

99
Q

młoteczek

A

malleus, hammer

100
Q

ślimak

A

cochlea

101
Q

przewód słuchowy zewnętrzny

A

external auditory meatus

ear canal

102
Q

lend an ear

A

nasłuchiwać

103
Q

watch sb closely

A

keep an eye on sb

104
Q

to improvise

A

to play by ear

105
Q

an eyeful

A

kobieta, na którą miło popatrzeć , np dobra doopa

106
Q

ear-spliting

A

An ear-splitting sound is so loud or high that it hurts your ears:
an ear-splitting explosion

107
Q

be out on your ear

A

to be forced to leave a job or place, especially because you have done something wrong

108
Q

be out on your ear

A

to be forced to leave a job or place, especially because you have done something wrong

109
Q

catch sb’s eye

A

to get someone’s attention, especially by looking at them:

110
Q

see eye to eye

A

If two people see eye to eye, they agree with each other:

My sisters don’t see eye to eye with me about the arrangements.

111
Q

an eyesore

A

szkarada, brzydactwo, straszydło, coś szpetnego

112
Q

dalekowzroczność

A

hyperopia

113
Q

dalekowzroczność

A

hyperopia

farsightedness

114
Q

a condition in which the middle ear (= the central part of the ear, behind the eardrum, through which sound travels) becomes swollen and painful:

A

otitis media

zapalenie ucha srodkowego

115
Q

a disease in which an area of someone’s eye becomes less clear so that they cannot see clearly, or the area affected in this way

A

cataract

zaćma

116
Q

the condition of having eyes that look in different directions from each other, caused by a weakness of the eye muscles:

A

strabismus

117
Q

the condition of having eyes that look in different directions from each other, caused by a weakness of the eye muscles:

A

strabismus

cross-eyes
squint

118
Q

krótkowzrocznosc

A

myopia

119
Q

krótkowzrocznosc

A

myopia

shortsightedness

120
Q

a condition in which the passage of the outer ear (= the part of the ear that can be seen on the side of the head) becomes swollen and painful:

A

otitis externa

= swimmer’s ear

121
Q

a condition of the ear in which the person suffering from it hears noises such as ringing

A

tinnitus

122
Q

a painful infection of the eyes that makes them red and makes the eyelids swollen and sticky

A

conjunctivitis
zapalenie spojowek
pink eye

123
Q

jęczmień

A

hordeolum

stye

124
Q

zapalenie wyrostka sutkowatego

A

mastoiditis

125
Q

endocrine glands

A 
interstitial spaces (localization)
hormones diffuse into capillares
126
Q

exocrine glands

A

flow to the exterior surface

127
Q

krwiobieg

A

bloodstream

128
Q

organ docelowy

A

target organ

129
Q

an organ near the penis in male mammals that produces a liquid that mixes with and carries sperm:

A

prostate gland

130
Q

one of the glands that produce saliva and release it into the mouth

A

salivary gland

131
Q

one of a pair of glands that produce adrenalin, found just above the kidneys

A

adrenal gland

nadnercza

132
Q

an organ in a woman’s breast that produces milk to feed a baby, or a similar organ in a female animal

A

mammar gland\

sutkowy gruczoł

133
Q

an organ in the body that produces insulin (= a chemical substance that controls the amount of sugar in the blood) and substances that help to digest food so that it can be used by the body

A

pancreas

trzustka

134
Q

a gland (= an organ) in the front of the neck that is involved in controlling the way the body develops and works

A

thyroid

135
Q

one of the small organs under the skin that produce sweat

A

sweat gland

136
Q

a small organ at the base of the brain that controls the growth and activity of the body by producing hormones

A

pituitary gland

przysadka

137
Q

either of the pair of organs in a woman’s body that produce eggs, or the part of any female animal or plant that produces eggs or seeds

A

ovary

138
Q

an organ in the brain that produces a hormone called melatonin:

A

pineal body

szyszynka

139
Q

jądro

jądra

A

a testicle
a testis
testes

140
Q

a very small organ in the skin that produces sebum

A

sebaceous gland

gruczoł łojowy

141
Q

he first part of the bowels just below the stomach

A

duodenum

dwunastnica

142
Q

a large organ in the body that cleans the blood and produces bile, or this organ from an animal used as meat

A

liver

143
Q

have a bun in the oven

A

to be pregnant

144
Q

to be xxx weeks gone

A

to be xxx weeks pregnant

145
Q

have the painters in

A

mieć okres

146
Q

to be in the family way

A

to be pregnant

147
Q

to have a red tide

A

to menstruate

Angielski (J) (12 decks)

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