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Molecular Biology > chromosome structure > Flashcards

chromosome structure Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the DNA located?

A

chromosomes

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2
Q

what is chromatin made of?

A

DNA and protein

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3
Q

What are the types of interphase chromatin?

A

euchromatin and heterochromatin

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4
Q

what is euchromatin?

A

transcriptionally active DNA

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5
Q

what is heterochromatin?

A

inactive DNA

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6
Q

types of heterochromatin

A

constitutive and facultative

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7
Q

what is constitutive DNA

A

mostly repetitive, never expressed, near centromere

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8
Q

acrocentric chromosome

A

p arm barely seen

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9
Q

metacentric

A

centromere in middle

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10
Q

telocentric

A

centromere at end

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11
Q

submetacentric

A

short p arm long q arm

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12
Q

what is a karyotype?

A

the complete set of diploid chromosomes

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13
Q

geimsha staining

A

reveals g banding patterns and discriminates between chromosomes

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14
Q

what is the centromere made of?

A

highly repeated satellite DNA

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15
Q

What is satellite DNA?

A

repeating non coding DNA

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16
Q

Where is the telomere located?

A

at the ends of the chromosomes

17
Q

function of telomere?

A

prevent degradation, maintains chromosomal integrity, molecular marker of ageing process

18
Q

by how much is DNA condensed

A

by a factor of 10^5

19
Q

what is the structural unit of DNA packing in eukaryotes

A

nucleosomes

20
Q

what is a histone?

A

positively charged arginine or lysine rich proteins that joined together by ionic bonds with neg phosphate backbone

21
Q

types of histone

A

H1. H2A. H2B. H3. H4.

22
Q

how many histones form a nucleosome

A

8

23
Q

number of base pairs in octamer

A

200

24
Q

solenoid

A

6 nucleosomes per turn

25
Q

what creates supercoils in the loops of dna

A

topoisomerase and dna gyrase

Molecular Biology (8 decks)

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