valve disease

Question 1

what is valve incompetance?

Answer 1

unable to shut properly

Question 2

what is valve stenosis?

Answer 2

narrowing of valve opening

Question 3

which valves are most likely to fail and why?

Answer 3

mitral and aortic

under most pressure

Question 4

what groups is valve disease common in?

Answer 4

elderly, downs

Question 5

why is valve disease often unnoticed in the elderly?

Answer 5

less active

Question 6

what can cause valve disease?

Answer 6

congenital abnormality
myocardial infarction
-papillary muscle rupture
rheumatic fever
-immune reaction to streptococci, can lead to infective endocarditis due to vegetative growths
dilation of the aortic root
-syphilis
-aneurysm formation

Question 7

what congenital abnormality causes valve disease?

Answer 7

bicuspid aortic valve

• causes symptoms of heart failure in teenage years
• usually replaced

Question 8

what are the 4 valves?

Answer 8

left
-aortic, mitral
right
-pulmonary, tricuspid

Question 9

what is the treatment for failure?

Answer 9

prosthetic valves

Question 10

how is valve disease investigated?

Answer 10

ultrasound

Question 11

when are valves replaced?

Answer 11

before there is evidence of heart failure to give highest long term success

Question 12

describe a metal valve?

Answer 12

long clinical life-30 years
warfarin anticoagulant
antibiotic prophylaxis
ticking noise

Question 13

describe a tissue valve

Answer 13

shorter clinical life
antibiotic prophylaxis
silent
no need for anticoagulants

Question 14

how is endocarditis prevented dentally?

Answer 14

remove causes of oral sepsis
improve patients OHI
improve prevention of oral disease