Chapter 8 ice age

Question 1

The organization of funeral obsequies and provided the paraphernalia for funerals for those to whom elaborate mourning behavior in the fashion of the nobility, a class to which they did not belong, was primarily an affectation.

Answer 1

“undertooks”

Question 2

When was the body preservation techniques finally dismantled to “sawdust and tar level” and were only used as a prerogative reserved for the branches of the healing arts.

Answer 2

18th century

Question 3

What is a sere sheet

Answer 3

the wrapping of the body in a “cloth soaked in alum”

Question 4

What were some of the preservation ways of the early colonists?

Answer 4

disembowling, filling cavity with characoal, immersing the body in alcohol or wrapping body in cloth soaked in alum

Question 5

Who anticipated cryonics by nearly two centuries as he speculated on the possibility of embalming in wine.

Answer 5

Benjamin Franklin in 1773

Question 6

Who was returned to England from Trafalgar in a barrel of rum?

Answer 6

Lord Nelson

Question 7

Who’s body was thrust into a cask of alcohol and returned to USA (before it was usa) and where was this person buried

Answer 7

Nancy Martin 1857 and Oakdale Cemetery, Wilmington NC

Question 8

What was the body placed in when it was sent elsewhere for burial?

Answer 8

Encased in a metal container, usually of lead, soldered airtight, nd encased in an outside coffin of wood.

Question 9

When was the principle of chemical embalming by injection brought into the American Funeral Complex>

Answer 9

Shortly before the civil war

Question 10

When was the first patent for the first “corpse preserver” approved?

Answer 10

1843 by John Good of Philadelphia

Question 11

When did the corpse preserver grant get approved for commercial use?

Answer 11

1850

Question 12

Consisted of a common cooling board, on which the body was laid out and a concave, metal, ice-filled box that fit the torso and was equipped with a lid, spigot and handles.

Answer 12

“corpse cooler”

Question 13

Who patented for the “refrigerator for corpses” and in what year

Answer 13

Robert Frederick and G.A Trump; May 1846

Question 14

Why was the refrigerator for corpses useful?

Answer 14

Used after the body was dressed so that the deceased wouldn’t decomposition as fast

Question 15

What could be kept in the Kimball cooler and how many compartments?

Answer 15

2 compartments, 1 for bodies the other for ice

Question 16

What was the initial name of the embalming table in the early 20th century?

Answer 16

“cooling board”

Question 17

What is electroplating and who invented it?

Answer 17

a portable, oval shaped elastic receptacle with a funnel like top, handles at the side, a grooved back and a tube for deodorizing purposes. Patented in 1863 by Dr. Thomas Holmes.

Question 18

When did Dr. Harlan return from France and had the “French Gannal’s history of embalming” published in PA; what did this article provide?

Answer 18

1840 and the article provided Americans with the first treatise dealing entirely with embalming and containing actual instructions on how to embalm.

Question 19

Who was the “father of embalming” - refined the technique of arterial embalming.

Answer 19

Frederick Ruysch

Question 20

Long before the 19th century, American anatomists had been preserving human specimens and tissues with chemical preservatives. What were those chemicals?

Answer 20

Bi-chloride of mercury, zinc-chloride and various arsenic-based compounds.

Question 21

After how many embalming was Dr. Holmes ready to demonstrate that he “could check decomposition in any stage and placed the embalmed deceased and placed it on exhibition at an undertakers store”?

Answer 21

8 successful embalming

Question 22

Who was the father of American embalming

Answer 22

Thomas Holmes

Question 23

What is “Zouaves”

Answer 23

light infantry regiment based out of Chicago and New York

Question 24

What high ranking official did Holmes’ embalm that skyrocketed his career?

Answer 24

Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth

Question 25

Who embalmed Abraham Lincoln?

Answer 25

Henry D. Cattell

Question 26

Who conducted the funeral of James K. Polk

Answer 26

W.R Cornelius

Question 27

Who was the first black embalmer?

Answer 27

Prince Greer

Question 28

Who patented embalming fluid in 1863?

Answer 28

F.A Hutton

Question 29

What order was resulted in 1865 from the issuance of the Burr incident?

Answer 29

“order concerning embalmers”

Question 30

What did the order concerning embalmers establish?

Answer 30

Orders concerning embalmers established a system for determining, through examination, the qualifications of those who sought to embalm military dead and provided for the licensing of successful candidates; the license to be issued only upon their furnishing a bond to ensure faithful performance of their duties.

Question 31

Why did the Order concerning embalmers represent a first major effort in the USA?

Answer 31

It established a public agency to define professional requirements for embalmers and to end chaos of an unregulated field

Question 32

What were the 3 major patents that Holmes patented?

Answer 32

1 & 2. were for embalming by exposing the body to disinfectant gases
3. “apparatus for filling blood vessels of dead bodies”

Question 33

An elongated “sword like” hollow needle through which fluids might be injected into, and throughout the trunk cavity of the dead.

Answer 33

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