14.4 Diabetes And Its Control

Question 1

What is type 1 diabetes caused by

Answer 1

Body is unable to produce insulin, the B cells don’t produce them
The cayse is unknown so cannot be prevented
May be an autoimmune response

Question 2

What is type 2 diabetes

Answer 2

When the body cannot effectively use insulin and control blood sugar levels
The B cells might not produce enough insulin or the persons body cells don’t respond properly to insulin

Usually due to glycoprotein insulin receptor not working properly

Question 3

What is the main treatments for people with type 1 diabetes

Answer 3

Regular injections of insulin

They need to regularly check their blood glucose and that will tell them how much insulin they need to inject

Question 4

What happens if people inject themselves with too much insulin

Answer 4

They may get hypoglycaemia- having very low blood glucose conc

Question 5

What happens if people inject too little insulin into them

Answer 5

They may get hyperglycaemia- which could result in unconsciousness or death

Question 6

What is the treatment for type 2 diabetes

Answer 6

People must regulate carbohydrate intake through their diet and match it to their exercise levels by usually increasing exercise
Dugs may also be needed

Question 7

How is insulin made now and what are the advantages of this

Answer 7

By genetically modified bacteria

It’s produced in pure form and in much higher qualities for cheap production

Question 8

How is stem cell treatment used for helping regulate blood glucose levels

Answer 8

Totipotent cells can be used to differentiate into B cells likely taken from embryos

Question 9

What are the advantages of using stem cell treatments

Answer 9

No donor availability issues
Reduce likelihood of rejection
No longer need to inject insulin