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Cardiology-Exam 2 > Non-Atherosclerotic PVD > Flashcards

Non-Atherosclerotic PVD Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of normal blood vessel (from outside in)

A 
Tunica adventitia (CT)
Tunica media (SM)
Tunica intima (endothelium)
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2
Q

Non-inflammatory vascular disease; dilated tortuous superficial veins (saphenous); older females, standing and obesity are risk factors; venous wall weakness, inc. pressure and bad valves; can lead to aching and skin ulcers

A

Varicose veins

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3
Q

pathogenesis of varicose veins

A

weakened venous walls
inc. pressure
bad valves

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4
Q

superficial vein that drains the lower limb; located on the medial thigh; can be used for CABG

A

saphenous vein

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5
Q

Non-inflammatory vascular disease; arterial vasospasm in extremities (can be nose/ears); can be caused by cold or intense emotions; more common in men; pale–>blue–>red extremities; cold, paresthesia, pain

A

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

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6
Q

etiologies for raynaud’s phenomenon

A

cold/emotions

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7
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon can be part of what disease

A

connective tissue disease (SLE, scleroderma, etc.)

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8
Q

Treatment for raynaud’s phenomenon

A

Ca++ channel blockers
a blockers
vasodilators

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9
Q

skin sensation (burning, prickling, itching, tingling) with no apparent physical cause

A

paresthesia

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10
Q

plural form of the term vasculitis

A

vasculitides

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11
Q

Common pathogenesis of inflammatory vascular diseases

A

Inflammation of the vessel causing stenosis (narrow lumen)–> can lead to thrombosis, ischemia and infarct

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12
Q

decreased/inadequate blood supply

A

ischemia

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13
Q

necrosis secondary to decreased blood supply

A

infarct

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14
Q

inflammatory vascular disease; elderly females; granulomas in med/large arteries; branches of carotid/temporal arteries; unilateral throbbing temporal headaches; self limiting (1-5 years)

A

Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)

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15
Q

Other name for temporal arteritis

A

giant cell arteritis

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16
Q

“giant cell” refers to what?

A

fused macrophages in temporal arteritis

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17
Q

50% of temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis) also have…

A

polymyalgia rheumatica (inflamed muscles)

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18
Q

Diagnosis of temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)

A

Inc. erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Inc. C reactive protein
Biopsy
Imaging

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19
Q

Treatment for temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)

A

corticosteroids (inflammation)

20
Q

inflammatory vascular disease; more common in middle age males; type 3 immune response (preformed antigen-antibody complexes); fibrinoid necrosis followed by thrombosis/infarct; affects med/small arteries (except lung)

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

21
Q

Constitutional symptoms in polyarteritis nodosa are mostly caused by…

A

inflammatory cytokines (nonspecific, diffuse symptoms)

22
Q

In polyarteritis nodosa, the antigen is ________________ 30% of the time

A

Hep B

23
Q

In polyarteritis nodosa, med/small arteries are effected everywhere except the ________

A

lung

24
Q

Treatment for polyarteritis nodosa

A

corticosteroids

25
Q

amorphous pink material in a necrotic vessel wall; composed of plasma proteins (fibrin); seen in polyarteritis nodosa

A

fibrinoid necrosis

26
Q

inflammatory vascular disease; children; possibly due to infection (activation of immune system); small/med arteries (coronary); lymphadenopathy, fever, rash, cherry red tongue/lips, mucosal lesions, aneurysms; self limiting

A

Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)

27
Q

Another name for kawasaki disease

A

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome

28
Q

Which inflammatory vascular disease(s) can involve aneurysms

A 
Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) (70%)
Takayasu Arteritis (Aortic Arch syndrome)
29
Q

Which inflammatory vascular disease(s) are self-limiting?

A

Temporal Arteritis

Kawasaki Disease

30
Q

dilated area of a vessel; can be seen in kawasaki disease and takayasu’s disease

A

aneurysm

31
Q

Treatment for kawasaki disease

A

IV immunoglobulins

Aspirin

32
Q

Inflammatory vascular disease; females <40yo; granulomatous inflammation in med/large arteries (aorta/branches/retina); stenosis in main arteries can cause dec. pulses

A

Takayasu Arteritis (Aortic Arch syndrome; Pulseless disease)

33
Q

Other names for Takayasu arteritis

A

Aortic Arch syndrome

Pulseless disease

34
Q

Treatment for Takayasu Arteritis (Aortic Arch syndrome)

A

Corticosteroids

35
Q

inflammatory vascular disease; <40yo; associated with smoking; small/med arteries in DISTAL limbs; intermittent claudication, possible ulcers/gangrene

A

Buergers Disease (Thomboangiitis obliterans)

36
Q

Other name for Buergers Disease

A

Thomboangiitis obliterans

37
Q

“obliterans” meaning

A

near/full occlusion of lumen

38
Q

pain in an area caused by decreased blood flow

A

claudication

39
Q

Treatment for Buergers Disease (Thomboangiitis obliterans)

A

Stop smoking

40
Q

cardiovascular neoplasm; benign; more in females; proliferation of endothelium creating more vascular channels; occur on skin, mucous membranes and internal organs; confused for birthmarks

A

Hemangioma

41
Q

cardiovascular neoplasm; malignant; HHV8 and AIDS; unregulated growth of infected endothelial cells; occur on skin, mucous membranes; red-purple-brown lesions; spindle cells (malignant endothelial cells)

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

42
Q

flat lesion

A

macule

43
Q

raised lesion

A

nodule

44
Q

most common cardiovascular neoplasm; benign; from primitive CT; typically in atria (more-so left); pedunculated; composed of ECM and tumor cells; symptoms from obstruction of blood flow

A

Cardiac myxoma

45
Q

most common primary cardiovascular neoplasm

A

Cardiac Myxoma

46
Q

an elongated stalk of tissue

A

pedunculated

Cardiology-Exam 2 (23 decks)

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