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Med Surg > Anthrax | Disaster Nursing > Flashcards

Anthrax | Disaster Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

Terrorism involves overt actions for the expressed purpose of causing harm. What are 4 ways this can be done?

A

Disease pathogens (ex. bioterrorism); chemical agents; radiologic/nuclear; explosive devices

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2
Q

How are anthrax, plague, and tularemia treated?

A

Antibiotics (assuming there are sufficient supplies)

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3
Q

_ can be prevented or ameliorated by vaccination even when first given after exposure

A

Smallpox

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4
Q

Botulism is treated with

A

antitoxin

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5
Q

Treatment for hemorrhagic fever

A

none known

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6
Q

Sarin is a toxic gas that can cause death within minutes of exposure. It enters the body through the es and skin and paralyzes respiratory muscles. Name 2 antidotes for this nerve agent

A

atropine, pralidoxime chloride

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7
Q

_ is a colorless gas normally used in chemical manufacturing

A

Phosgene

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8
Q

If phosgene is inhaled at high concentrations for long enough it causes (3)

A

respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, death

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9
Q

Yellow to brown in color with garlic like odor

A

Mustard gas

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10
Q

Mustard gas irritates eyes and causes skin

A

burns/blisters

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11
Q

Mix of explosives and radioactive material. When detonated, blast scatters radioactive dust resulting in radioactive contamination

A

radiologic dispersal devices (RRDs)/”Dirty bombs”

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12
Q

Main danger from RRDs

A

Explosion

Note: They do not usually generate enough radiation to cause immediate serious illness except to casualties who are close to the explosion

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13
Q

After RRD, measures to limit contamination should be initiated because radiation cannot be

A

seen, smelled, felt, or tasted

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14
Q

Ionizing radiation example

A

nuclear bomb or damage to a nuclear reactor

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15
Q

With ionizing radiation there is

A

serious threat to safety of people and environment

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16
Q

If external radioactive contaminants are present, _ procedures must be initiated immediately

A

decontamination

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17
Q

_ develops after a substantial exposure to ionizing radiation

A

Acute radiation syndrome

Note: follows a predictable pattern

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18
Q

Explosive devices result in one or more of the following types of injuries (3)

A

Blast, crush, or penetrating

Note: Damage to lungs, middle ear, GI tract can also occur

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19
Q

_ Injuries result from explosions that occur in confined spaces and result from structural collapse

A

Crush

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20
Q

_ injures result from explosive devices that contain materials that are projected during the explosion

A

Penetrating

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21
Q

Any extraordinary event that requires a rapid and skilled response and can be managed by a community’s existing resources

A

Emergency

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22
Q

Manmade or natural event or disaster that overwhelms the community’s ability to respond with existing resources

A

Mass causality incident (MCI)

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23
Q

MCIs usually involve large numbers of casualties (>_)m physical/emotional suffering, and permanent changes in the community

A

> 100

24
Q

_ always require assistance from people/resources outside of the community (ex. FEMA, American Red Cross)

A

MCIs

25
Q

When an emergency or MCI occurs first responders are dispatched. Triage of casualties is different from in the emergency department. The triage is conducted in

A

<15 seconds

26
Q

System of colored tags designates both (2)

A

serious of injury and likelihood of survival

27
Q

Green (minor injury) or yellow (non life threatening injury) tag indicates

A

non critical injury

28
Q

Red tag indicates _ injury requiring immediate intervention

A

life threatening

29
Q

Black tag identifies

A

The dead or those expected to die

30
Q

Casualties who arrive at hospitals on their own without EMS

A

Walking wounded

31
Q

If there is known or suspected contamination, decontaminate at the scene then

A

transport to hospital

32
Q

How can a hospital predict the total number of casualties expected to come seek treatment?

A

Double the number of casualties that arrive in the 1st hour

Note: generally 30% need admission and half of these need surgery in 1st 8h

33
Q

Partners in emergency preparedness, and training helps citizen to understand their personal responsibility in preparing for natural/manmade disaster

A

CERT- Community emergency response teams

34
Q

Section within homeland security that is responsible for the coordination of the federal medical response to MCIs

A

National Disaster medical System (NDMS)

35
Q

NDMS organizes and trains volunteer _

A

disaster medical assistance teams (DMATs)

36
Q
  • Can be deployed within 8 hours
  • can remain self sufficient for 72 hours with enough food, water, shelter, and medical supplies to treat 250 patients per day
A

Level 1 DMAT

37
Q
  • Lacks enough equipment to be self sufficient but is used to replace a level 1 team
  • Uses and supplements the equipment left on site
A

Level 2 DMAT

38
Q

Arranges group discussions to allow participants to verbalize and validate their feelings and emotions about the experience to facilitate psychologic recovery

A

Critical incident stress management unit

39
Q

Anthrax is caused by the spore forming bacterium _

A

bacillus anthracis

40
Q

Human infection of anthrax typically follows contact with

A

anthrax infected animals or animal products

Note: can also be from intentional exposure

41
Q

3 clinical forms of anthrax

A

cutaneous, inhalation, gastrointestinal

42
Q

Intentional anthrax can be introduced with inhalation and cutaneous exposure through

A

US mail

43
Q

farm workers can come into contact with anthrax from

A

infected animals

44
Q

processors of wool, hair, hides, bones, or other _ can come into contact with anthrax

A

animal products

45
Q

B. anthraces is one of the most important pathogens on the list of

A

bioterrorism threats

46
Q

Be particularly aware of anthrax infection especially in

A

mail handlers

47
Q

What is this concern of? previously healthy patient with rapidly progressive respiratory illness or cutaneous ulcer

A

anthrax

48
Q

Report B. anthraces suspicion to

A

HCP and local/state public health staff

49
Q

Exposed patients should continue treatment for _ days

A

60

50
Q

Surface swabs and nasal swabs if person was potentially exposed to anthrax in the last

A

7 days

51
Q

Potentially exposed to anthrax should get

A

antimicrobial prophylaxis

52
Q

cutaneous anthrax begins as a _ and progresses through a vesicular stage to a depressed black necrotic ulcer (eschar)

A

papule

53
Q

_ anthrax will resemble a viral like illness

A

inhalational

54
Q

_ anthrax has abdominal distress usually accompanied by bloody vomiting or diarrhea, followed by fever and signs of septiecemia

A

GI

Note: develops after ingestion of contaminated poorly cooked meat

55
Q

Chest XR for inhalation anthrax will show

A

widened mediastinum, pleural effusions, infiltrates, and pulmonary congestion

56
Q

Meds used for anthrax

A

ciprofloxacin or doxycycline for 60 days

Med Surg (19 decks)

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