Procedures

Question 1

What does the Sylvian fissure divide?

Answer 1

The frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

Question 2

What landmark is used for brain imaging?

Answer 2

Nasion

Question 3

What sequence is best for demonstrating hemorrhagic infarct?

Answer 3

Gradient echo

Question 4

What does contrast in DWI depend on?

Answer 4

1. Degree to which molecular mobility is impaired (water restriction)
2. Sensitivity of the sequence to Brownian motion
3. Direction of water diffusion

Question 5

What is Bells Palsy?

Answer 5

Dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) results inability to control facial muscles on affected side

Question 6

Which plane best demonstrates median nerve?

Answer 6

Axial

Question 7

Where is Wilms’ tumor found?

Answer 7

Pediatric kidney

Question 8

Define hemochromatosis and how is it best demonstrated on mri

Answer 8

Disorder where too much iron builds up in the body. T2* gradient echo sequences needed

Question 9

Branches of abdominal aorta from superior to inferior

Answer 9

Celiac, superior mesenteric, renal, inferior mesenteric

Question 10

Which vessels form the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 10

Superior mesenteric and splenic veins. Blood also received from inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins

Question 11

What veins join you form inferior vena cava?

Answer 11

Common iliac veins

Question 12

Where does the Azygos vein drain into?

Answer 12

Superior vena cava

Question 13

MR angiography uses which kind of pulse sequences?

Answer 13

Gradient Echo

Question 14

The _____ of blood is responsible for the bright blood signal in time of flight MR angiography

Answer 14

Flow

Question 15

Which MR angiography technique has a scan time short enough to complete an abdominal study in a single breath hold?

Answer 15

Contrast enhanced

Question 16

Flow before an area of stenosis is…

Answer 16

Laminar flow

Question 17

Vortex flow

Answer 17

Blood flow that is initially laminar, then intersects a vessel stenosis or stricture, becoming high velocity central flow and spiral near the walls of the vessel

Question 18

An imaging option used to compensate for CSF flow in the cervical spine would be:

Answer 18

Gradient moment nulling

Question 19

What is the best method to evaluate cardiac infarction?

Answer 19

Perfusion cardiac imaging

Question 20

Common problems in DWI

Answer 20

Sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility
Bulk patient motion
Low SNR

Question 21

Characteristics of perfusion imaging

Answer 21

Establish vascularity of given process
Compare vascularity at particular point with internal reference
Unit of measurement: rCBV relative cerebral blood volume. Proportional to degree of neovascularity or capillary density

Question 22

Uses of perfusion imaging

Answer 22

Differentiating tumor from non tumor, and primary brain neoplasm from secondary lesions
Glioma grading
Stereotactic biopsy guidance
Differentiating tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis

Question 23

Protocol for brain perfusion imaging

Answer 23

Ultra fast gradient echo sequence with bolus injection IV gadolinium
Exponential time curves generated on separate workstation, with multiple ROIS generated to calculate specific rCBVs
NAWM (normal appearing white matter) established as control and area of pathology/edema compared to determine vascularity

Question 24

DSC

Answer 24

Dynamic susceptibility contrast, better known as T2* gradient echo perfusion

Question 25

DCE

Answer 25

Dynamic contrast enhancement, basic T1 perfusion imaging (pituitary or prostrate dynamic sequences) longer acquisition time than DSC

Question 26

Final result of spectroscopy study

Answer 26

Spectrum if specific metabolites detected

Question 27

For pituitary tumors is important to scan ________ because tumors appear as _______ signal intensity compared to the enhanced pituitary gland

Answer 27

Rapidly/low