bone and cartilage

Question 1

what are the 2 types of bone at a macroscopic level

Answer 1

cortical (compact) and cancellous (spongy)

Question 2

what type of macroscopic bone is the alveolar bone

Answer 2

both cortical and cancellous
cortical bone lines tooth sockets and contains nutrient canals containing blood vessels
it is also penetrated by bundles of sharpeys fibres

Question 3

what are the 2 types of bone at a microscopic level

Answer 3

woven bone - rapidly laid down with irregular deposition of collagen
found in the fetus and after fracture repair
lamellar bone - laid down slower and collagen fibres are parallel - the normal form to be found in adults

Question 4

howships lacunae

Answer 4

concavities in bone where osteoclasts lie

Question 5

what are the 3 main types of cartilage and where are they found

Answer 5

hyaline - widespread - trachea, ends of ribs
fibro - intervertebral discs
elastic - epiglottis, outer ear

Question 6

what are the two types of bone growth

Answer 6

endochondral ossification

intramembranous ossification

Question 7

endochondral ossification

Answer 7

seen in ‘long’ bones including condoyle of mandible

cartilage must proliferate before being replaced by bone

Question 8

intramembranous ossification

Answer 8

seen in ‘flat’ bones

no cartilage precursor needed, bone forms directly from connective tissue

Question 9

what are the 4 layers of cartilage growth seen in endochondral ossification

Answer 9

resting - chondrocytes fairly inactive
proliferative - chondrocytes proliferate
hypertrophic - cells grow in size
ossifying cartilage turning to bone

Question 10

achondroplasia

Answer 10

genetic defect of cartilage growth therefore endochondral bone growth is impaired whilst intramembranous is unaffected
short limbs normal forehead