Pain review

Question 1

symptoms: SOCRATES

Answer 1

s: site - where is pain
o: onset- when did the pain start, sudden gradual, progressive/regressive
c: character- what is the pain like? sharp?dull?
r: radiation- does pain radiate anywhere
a: associations- any other signs or symptoms associated with does?
t: time course- does the pain follow any pattern?
e: exacerbating/relieving factors- does anything change the pain
s: severity- how bad is the pain 0-10

Question 2

types of pain:

Answer 2

• mechanical
• inflammatory
• central sensitization
• neuropathic

Question 3

nociceptive pain: somatic

Answer 3

includes subjective data pertaining to nociceptice triggers that occurs with damaged or diseased tissue

• can come from the muscle, ligament, skin, joint, bone
• typically associated with a strong stimulus- response relationship
• clear aggravating/easing factor

Question 4

types of nociceptive pain:

Answer 4

• inflammatory

- mechanical

Question 5

inflammatory pain

Answer 5

suggests the presence of chemical irritations/stimulus due to the presence of inflammation
- symptoms may be aggravated after a prolonged period of relative rest (night pain)

Question 6

mechanical pain

Answer 6

• suggests the presence of mechanical deformation of normal and/or diseased tissue
• there may be clear aggravating and/or easing factors that person to short and long term deformation of tissue due to stretching and/or compression

Question 7

mechanical pain characteristics

Answer 7

• pain described as sharp or stabbing with aggravating movements, depending on the type of tissue at fault
• pain location is fairly localized
• pain tends to behave in predictable ways
  — reproduced by provoking (palpating, moving, compressing, stretching) the area or tissue involved (oropaedic testing)

Question 8

inflammatory pain characteristics

Answer 8

• pain described as achy or dull and tends to be delayed after activity has ceased
• pain location: slightly more vague than mechanical but localized to a region or joint
• pain behaviour: tends to behave in predicable ways

Question 9

peripheral neuropathic pain

Answer 9

• pertains to subjective fats that suggests damage or disease to the peripheral nervous system
• except for in the case of Frank nerv drains, thsi type of pain is more likely to occur after the pain has been present for some time (subacute/chronic)

Question 10

neuropathic pain characteristics

Answer 10

• pain described as burning, pins and needles, tingling, electric shock, shooting
• pain location: may be localized to a particular sensory inner stain of the affected nerve (dermatome or peripheral nerve)
• pain behaviour:
• can be evoked by touch, stretch, pressure and or movement, and may linger once aggravated. pain behaviour may be similar to mechanical nociceptive
• pain may not be responsive to conventional anti-inflammatory therapies, may require neuropathic medications (gabapentine)

Question 11

central sensitization

Answer 11

• pertains to subjective data thag indicates dysfunction, injury, or disease to the CNS
• pain description: pain is often diffuse , maybbbedescudbed as burning, stabbing or shooting
• pain location: typically not localized to dermatome or peripheral nerve, more likely to spread to other unaffected body parts. this may manifest as sensitivity to cold or pressure beyond the borders of original injury.
• pain behaviour: tends to be a lack of clear stimuli-response relationship.
  (not related to activity, position or posture)
• pain is more likely to be influenced by anxiety and emotional distress