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Population And Social Science > Session 9: Resource Allocation and PROMs > Flashcards

Session 9: Resource Allocation and PROMs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the impact of scarce resources on doctors?

A

When demand outstrips supply, we have to set priorities and allocate resources wisely.

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2
Q

What are the 2 forms of rationing?

A

Explicit and implicit

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3
Q

What is explicit rationing?

A

Using institutional procedures for systematic allocation of resources within health care system

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4
Q

What is implicit rationing?

A

Allocation of resources through individual clinical decisions without explicit criteria

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5
Q

What is NICE?

A

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

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6
Q

What is NICE’s purpose?

A

Provides guidance on whether new or existing treatments can be recommended for use in the NHS in England

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7
Q

What is scarcity?

A

Demand outstrips supply, prioritization is inevitable

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8
Q

What is efficiency?

A

Getting the most out of limited resources

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9
Q

What is equity?

A

Extent to which distribution of resources is fair

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10
Q

What is effectiveness?

A

Extent to which an intervention produces desired outcomes

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11
Q

What is utility?

A

Value an individual places on a health state

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12
Q

What is opportunity cost?

A

Value of next best alternative use of resources or benefits foregone

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13
Q

What is technical efficiency?

A

Most efficient way of meeting a need

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14
Q

What is allocative efficiency?

A

Best way to allocate resources to achieve best possible overall outcome

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15
Q

What are the 4 types of economic evaluation?

A
  1. Cost minimization analysis
  2. Cost effectiveness analysis
  3. Cost benefit analysis
  4. Cost utility analysis
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16
Q

What is cost minimization analysis?

A

Assume outcomes to be equivalent and only think about costs

17
Q

What is cost effectiveness analysis?

A

Used to compare treatments that have same outcome, divide cost by unit outcome.

If costs and benefits are higher for a treatment, compare the extra benefit obtained for the extra cost. Then determine if the extra benefit is worth the cost.

18
Q

What is cost benefit analysis?

A

All inputs and outputs valued in monetary terms, which may be difficult

19
Q

What is cost utility analysis?

A

Calculate quality of health outcomes produced or foregone - quality adjusted life year (QALY)

20
Q

What does QALY determine?

A

Adjusts life expectancy for quality of life

21
Q

How to calculate QALY?

A

1 year of perfect health = 1 QALY = 10 years of 0.1 health

22
Q

What is one instrument used to measure quality of life?

A

EQ5D

23
Q

What are the advantages of QALY?

A

Effective way to calculate benefits gained per unit cost

24
Q

What are 3 disadvantages of QALY?

A

Doesn’t distribute resources based on need
Doesn’t assess impact on carers and family
Imperfect evidence to measure quality of life

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