13.2 Nuerones

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of a nuerone

Answer 1

Cell body
Dendrites
Axons

Question 2

What is the cell body of a nuerone

Answer 2

It contains the nucleus in its cytoplasm

The cytoplasm also contains the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria which produce neurotransmitters

Question 3

What are the dendrons of nuerones

Answer 3

Short extensions from cell body

They divide into dendrites that will transmit electrical signals to the cell body

Question 4

What are the axons of nuerones

Answer 4

Singular elongated nerve fibres that transmit signals away from the cell body

Question 5

What are the three types of neurone

Answer 5

Sensory
Relay
Motor

Question 6

What is the role of sensory neurones and what is there structure

Answer 6

Role - sensory receptors cell sends info to relay neurone to motor neurone or brain

Question 7

What is the role of a relay neurone and what’s it’s structure

Answer 7

Transmit impulses between neurones

Has many short axons and short dendrons

Question 8

What is the role of a motor neurone and what’s it’s structure

Answer 8

Impulse from relay or sensory nuerone is sent to the motor neurone to an effector
Has 1 long axon and lots of short dendrites

Question 9

What are myelinated nuerones

Answer 9

Neurones that have axons covered in myelin sheath

Question 10

What is myelin sheath produced by abs what does it do for myelinated neurones

Answer 10

Produced by Schwann cells
It creates lots of layers of membrane and so acts as an insulating layer allowing neurones to conduct the electrical impulse at a much faster speed

Question 11

What is the section called between each Schwann cell on the axon
Abs what does this gap cause

Answer 11

A small gap called the node of ranvier
This gap causes the electrical impulse to jump from 1 node to the next along the myelinated nuerone
- increasing speed