UNIT #3 Sensation And Perception Essential Q And V (P.2)

Question 1

Parallel processing

Answer 1

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of info processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and or conscious problem solving

Question 2

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic theory

Answer 2

The theory that the retina contains three different colour receptors-one most sensitive to red, one to green, and one to blue-which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any colour

Question 3

Opponent Processing Theory

Answer 3

The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable colour vision. For example; some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green

Question 4

Gestalt

Answer 4

An organized whole. Geslat psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of info into meaningful wholes

Question 5

Figure-ground

Answer 5

The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)

Question 6

Grouping

Answer 6

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Question 7

Depth perception

Answer 7

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance

Question 8

Visual cliff

Answer 8

A laboratory decide for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Question 9

Binocular cues

Answer 9

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity that depend on the use of two eyes

Question 10

Retinal disparity

Answer 10

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; By comparing images from the retina in the two eyes; the brain computes distance - the greater the disparity between the two images, the closer the object

Question 11

Monocular cues

Answer 11

Depth cues such as interposition and linear perspective available to either eye alone

Question 12

Phi phenomenon

Answer 12

An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Question 13

Perceptual constancy

Answer 13

Preceding objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, brightness and colour) even as illumination and retinal images change

Question 14

Perceptual adaptation

Answer 14

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

Question 15

Audition

Answer 15

The sense or act of hearing

Question 16

Frequency

Answer 16

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second)

Question 17

Pitch

Answer 17

A tone’s experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency

Question 18

Inner ear

Answer 18

The innermost part of the ear, contains the cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibular sacs

Question 19

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 19

Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness

Question 20

Conduction hearing loss

Answer 20

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

Question 21

Cochlea implant

Answer 21

A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

Question 22

Place theory

Answer 22

In hearing; the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated

Question 23

Frequency theory

Answer 23

In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone; the us enabling us to sense its pitch

Question 24

Gate-control theory

Answer 24

The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The “gate” is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibres and is closed by activity in larger rivers or by info coming from the brain

Question 25

Kinesthesia

Answer 25

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Question 26

Vestibular sense

Answer 26

The sense of body movement and petition including the sense of balance

Question 27

Sensory interaction

Answer 27

The principle that one sense may influence another as when the smell of food influences its taste

Question 28

Embodied cognition

Answer 28

In psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, features and other states on cognitive preference and judgements