Developmental origins of disease Flashcards
what is a poor maternal diet
Low calorie/low protein
High saturated fats
Consequences to placenta of adverse pregnancy conditions
Placental insufficiency: poor placental growth, poor transport mechanisms, barrier properties, vascular dysfunction, aberrant invasion, increased cortisol secretion, growth factor secretions
When can epigenetic modification occur
Epigenetic reprogramming during gametogenesis (behind uniparental imprinting of alleles. Genes affected by epigenetic changes in the spermatogenic lineage duffer from those imprinted in the oogenetic lineage
EPigenetics in early development (during development in the periconceptual period)
Epigenetic after fertilisation
What does one parent actively silencing their own gene mean
There is a parent-of-origin specific monoallelic expression of the gene in the offspring
Where are insulin like growth factors 1 and 2 produced
BY fetal cells including placenta
What is IGF1 production responsive to and what is it sensitive to
Nutrient levels. Declining when nutrient falls.
It is sensitive to insulin, thyroxine, glucocorticoids
What is IGF2 do
Stimulates placental growth and transport mechanisms
What kind go gene is IGF2
Paternally expressed gene. Therefore this means that the dad wants the baby big, and the mother wants the baby small
What do paternally expressed genes enhance
Prolonged suckling, and convivial behaviour
Where Is the Gnasxl gene expressed
In the facial, hypoglossal and trigeminal motor nuclei which are key areas that control orofacial muscles and tongue
