LM 8.6: Reportable Diseases

Question 1

do states have to report information to the CDC?

Answer 1

the CDC receives case notifications from 57 reporting jurisdictions

each state has laws requiring certain diseases be reported at the state level, but it is voluntary for states to provide information or notifications to CDC at the federal level

the notifiable diseases data voluntarily shared by these 57 jurisdictions represents only a portion of the public health surveillance data that jurisdictions collect and use to make decisions and conduct public health activities in their communities (e.g., outbreak detection and control)

Question 2

does a reportable disease have to be reported?

Answer 2

it is MANDATORY that reportable disease cases be reported to state and territorial jurisdictions when identified by a health provider, hospital, or laboratory

this type of required reporting uses personal identifiers and enables the states to identify cases where immediate disease control and prevention is needed

Question 3

are reportable diseases the same in all states?

Answer 3

no

each state has its own laws and regulations defining what diseases are reportable

the list of reportable diseases varies among states and over time

Question 4

do notifiable diseases have to be reported?

Answer 4

no, it is voluntary to report to the CDC and direct personal identifiers don’t have to be used

regular, frequent, timely information on individual cases is considered necessary to monitor disease trends, identify populations or geographic areas at high risk, formulate and assess prevention and control strategies, and formulate public health policies

Question 5

do all states have the same notifiable diseases?

Answer 5

no

it varies over time and by state

every national notifiable disease is not necessarily reportable in each state

in addition, addition, not every state reportable condition is nationally notifiable

Question 6

what is public surveillance?

Answer 6

ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation and disseminate of data regarding a health event for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health

Question 7

what types of conditions are looked at by public surveillance?

Answer 7

1. infectious diseases
2. chronic diseases
3. injury
4. vector distribution
5. environmental hazards

Question 8

what is the information from public surveillance used for?

Answer 8

1. characterizing patterns of disease
2. detecting epidemics
3. further investigations
4. research
5. disease control programs
6. setting priorities
7. evolution

Question 9

what are the elements of public surveillance?

Answer 9

1. way to detect and notify about health events
2. collect and store data
3. analysis and interpretation of information
4. people must take action

Question 10

what is passive surveillance?

Answer 10

routine reporting of health data

examples:
1. notifiable diseases

2. disease registries (births, deaths, etc.)
3. hospital data (chronic diseases, etc)

generally inexpensive and can be used to provide baseline data and monitor trends of disease or intervention

Question 11

what is the limitation of passive surveillance?

Answer 11

under-reporting like if there’s asymptomatic illness of lack of access to hospitals or logistical issues with reporting diseases

there’s a lot of variation in passive surveillance systems in different countries

Question 12

what is active surveillance?

Answer 12

health data is actively sought out

commonly used during outbreaks

examples:
1. serosurveillance; testing blooding in specific populations to test for blood markers

2. health surveys
3. active case finding

provides more complete and quality data but is more resource extensive

Question 13

what is sentinel surveillance?

Answer 13

uses selected institutions of groups to provide data on specific diseases or conditions

good for monitoring diseases, trends or detect outbreaks

however, it’s unable to detect diseases outside their institution so it’s not useful for rare conditions

Question 14

what is rumor surveillance?

Answer 14

relies on unofficial sources of information like blogs, media, hearsay or social media

can alert authorities to incidences that require further investigation and can lead to detection of early disease outbreak

Question 15

what is syndromic surveillance?

Answer 15

monitor nonspecific symptoms like fever, respiratory or GI illness, medicine purchase or absenteeism

early identification before diagnosis!

relies on automated electronic methods

Question 16

what are characteristics of a good surveillance system?

Answer 16

1. clearly stated objectives
2. simplicity
3. flexible
4. quality data that’s complete and accurate
5. accepted by others
6. sensitivity and positive predictive value
7. validity
8. accurate representativeness
9. timeliness
10. stability
11. routine evaluation of system so that we know they’re meeting objectives and functioning for public health

providing information for action!!

Question 17

what are class A diseases?

Answer 17

disease of major public health concern because of the severity of disease or potential for epidemic spread

report immediately via phone upon recognition the aa case, a suspected case or positive laboratory result exists

ex. anthrax. botulism, diphtheria, influenza etc.

Question 18

what are class B diseases?

Answer 18

disease of public health concern needing timely response because of potential for epidemic spread

report by the end of the next business day after the existence of a case, a suspected case or positive laboratory result is know

ex. west nile, zika, campylobacter, mumps

Question 19

what is a class C disease?

Answer 19

report an outbreak, unusual incident or epidemic of other diseases by the end of the next business day

Question 20

what does it mean if a case is immediately notifiable and extremely urgent?

Answer 20

call the CDC Emergency Operations Center (EOC) at 770.488.7100 within 4 hours of a case meeting the notification criteria, followed by submission of an electronic case notification to CDC by the next business day

Question 21

what does it mean if a case is immediately notifiable and urgent?

Answer 21

call the CDC EOC at 770.488.7100 within 24 hours of a case meeting the notification criteria, followed by submission of an electronic case notification in next regularly scheduled electronic transmission

Question 22

what does it mean if a case is routinely notifiable?

Answer 22

submit electronic case notification within the next reporting cycle

Question 23

what is the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report?

Answer 23

MMWR series is prepared by the CDC and is the CDC’s primary route for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate , objective and useful public health information and recommendations

MMWR readership predominantly consists of physicians, nurses, public health practitioners, epidemiologists and other scientists, researchers, educators, and laboratorians

data in the weekly MMWR are provisional, based on weekly reports to CDC by state health departments

Question 24

is someone has HIV and doesn’t want to tell their BF. what is the most appropriate immediate action to take?

Answer 24

notifty the CDC

HIV is a reportable disease?

Question 25

what are the reportable diseases?

Answer 25

Hepatits A
Hepatits B
Hepatitis C
HIV
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Chicken Pox
Tuberculosis
Salmonella
Shigella

A,B,C and HIV, syphilis and gonorrée, MMR, chicken pox, TB test your patient’s socks, salmonella, shigella too, report this shit is what you should do! (tune of ABC)