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CCEA GCSE Biology > Chromosome, Genes & DNA > Flashcards

Chromosome, Genes & DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Chromosome

3 marks

A

Genetic structures that usually occur in functional pairs in the nucleus of cells
(except in gametes + bacteria).


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2
Q

Coding strand

2 marks

A

Bases on one strand of DNA used as code for amino acids.

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3
Q

Gene

(7 marks)


A
  • Basic unit of genetic material inherited from parents.
  • It is a short length of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a particular characteristic or protein
  • it controls part of a cell’s chemistry - particularly protein production.
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4
Q

Genome

2 marks

A

Complete set of DNA found in an organism.

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5
Q

Nuclei

1 mark

A

The plural of nucleus.

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6
Q

Organism

3 marks

A

Animal, plant or microorganism.

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7
Q

Chromosomes are thin strands of…

2 marks

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

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8
Q

What are Chromosomes subdivided into?

1 mark

A

Genes

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9
Q

In most cells where are chromosomes located?

2 marks

A

In functional pairs in the nucleus.

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10
Q

Number of Chromosomes in Humans

2 marks

A

46 arranged in 23 pairs.

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11
Q

Do not have pairs of chromosomes in their nuclei

1 mark

A

Gametes

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12
Q

Do not have a nucleus

1 mark

A

Bacterial cells

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13
Q

The entire genetic material of an organism

1 mark

A

The genome.

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14
Q

Alleles

1 mark

A

Variations of the same gene.

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15
Q

Example of Alleles

2 marks

A

Eye colour is the gene - blue, green, brown etc. are alleles.

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16
Q

Alleles for brown eyes are

1 mark

A

Dominant

17
Q

Alleles for blue eyes are

1 mark

A

Recessive

18
Q

2 Homozygous Brown Eye Alleles

2 marks

A

2 of the Same Dominant Alleles

19
Q

2 Homozygous Blue Eye Alleles

2 marks

A

2 of the Same Recessive Alleles

20
Q

2 Heterozygous Alleles

1 mark

A

2 Different Alleles

21
Q

DNA molecules are

3 marks

A

Large + complex - carry the genetic code that determines the characteristics of a living organism.

22
Q

The backbone of the DNA double helix consists of

3 marks

A

Alternating phosphate + deoxyribose sugar molecules.

  • Interlinking bases hold the 2 sides together.
23
Q

Four different bases exist in DNA:

4 marks

A

A = adenine

T = thymine

C = cytosine

G = guanine

24
Q

Complimentary bases of DNA:
Base-Pairing Simplified

(2 marks)

A

A - T

C - G

25
Q

Complimentary bases of DNA:
Base-Pairing Explained

(4 marks)

A

Adenine - Thymine

Cytosine - Guanine

26
Q

Base-pairing rule

2 marks

A

As A is complementary to T + C is complementary to G, they pair up.

27
Q

A Nucleotide consists of

3 marks

A

1 phosphate, 1 Deoxyribose sugar + 1 base.

28
Q

Each individuals DNA is

1 mark

A

Unique

29
Q

Apart from _________ _____, no one shares the same sequence of bases.

(1 mark)

A

Identical Twins

30
Q

Share the same sequence of bases (in DNA)

1 mark

A

Identical Twins

31
Q

What do identical twins share?

2 marks

A

The same sequence of bases (in DNA).

32
Q

DNA works by

3 marks

A

Providing a code for cells to make a particular protein (e.g an enzyme).

  • This is the DNA Code
33
Q

The DNA code

2 marks

A

Sequence of bases in DNA.

34
Q

Where the DNA Code is found

1 mark

A

On the coding strand.

35
Q

3 bases (in DNA)

1 mark

A

A base triplet.

36
Q

3 bases (a base triplet) code for

1 mark

A

1 amino acid.

37
Q

Amino acids are joined in this order to make the protein

3 marks

A

A sequence of base triplets (found on the coding strand)

- joined together to make a protein.

38
Q

The Base Triplet Hypothesis

3 marks

A

The correct base triplets, arranged in the correct order along the coding strand.

(This is important)

CCEA GCSE Biology (33 decks)

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