Chapter end questions and answers Flashcards
Lesson 8.1
Answer
Why is it better to join a team that matches your skill level? Name two reasons.
If you join a team of your skill level you are more likely to get more game experience and that’s what helps you not get nervous and underperform
What steps could you take to reduce the risk of injury in:
a) dance b) swimming c) tennis d) soccer
Remeber (PEEP to avoid injury)
- Preperation
- Equipment
- Environment
- Participation
In dance one should wear the appropriate dance shoes and not stay bare foot whilst dancing.
In swimming one should wear goggles to prevent chlorine from burning the eyes.
In tennis one should choose tennis shoes with good support to prevent ankle injuries plus proper weight of racket. And finally, in soccer one should wear shin guards to protect the soft tissues and bones in the lower extremities from external impact.
Explain in your own words what ‘chronic injuries’ are. Give two examples for your answer.
Overuse (chronic) injuries – these come about through hard training or performing too much or for too long.
Chronic Injury is when an athlete trains hard for a long period of time and its extremely stressful on your bones and joints.
Two examples of this would-be tennis elbow and in cricket it would be your knees due the consent hitting of the ground and running for sometimes even 5 full days at a time
Sudden (acute) injury – these are caused instantly by such things as overstretching or twisting or turning quickly.
Mention two examples of external injuries caused through impact.
Externally Caused Injuries:
These are caused by factors other than the performers themselves. It could be the equipment used, the playing conditions or an opponent. They can be listed under the following headings:
- Impact injuries – these are injuries such as cuts, bruises and fractures.
- Foul play – this involves other players, usually opponents.
- Accidents – no matter how many safety precautions are taken, there will always be accidents.
- Equipment – a simple thing such as a blister can be caused by the equipment.
Eg. A cut on your ankle from a sliding tackle in football or in the hundred meters you accidentally trip and scrape your shoulder on the track
Mention two examples of external injuries caused with equipment.
- One of your shoes is not working properly and you start having knee pains
- or you step badly in a football match and you twist your ankle
- Hijump pole lands on jumper
Often injuries are caused by damaged or faulty equipment which is not doing its job properly, though it does not necessarily have to be faulty to cause an injury e.g. running long distances will automatically get you blisters, no matter how specialist the running shoes are.
How can wearing the right kit protect us from getting injured? Give two examples.
- Wearing the correct kit and equipment can prevent serious injury for example in serious contact sport not wearing a helmet can lead to a concussion.
- Example in NFL if you don’t wear the helmet, shoulder and chest pads and you play football will without a doubt at least get a concussion,
- ice hockey if you don’t where all the equipment if you get hit It will hurt a lot or injury you badly or get hit with the puck it will hurt
What dangers are there if different age groups are playing a game against each other? Explain
The older age group is stronger and more experienced and could hurt or injure the younger players
What do we mean by uncontrolled environment?
Environment – involving uncontrolled and controlled environment.
What we mean by uncontrolled environment is when the weather is not ideal to do a sport and no one can do anything about the weather and cant change it.
What is controlled environment? Give an example of controlled environment which will protect us from getting injured.
Controlled environment is when there is an error somewhere on the playing field, track, boxing ring, etc and one can fix it. An example how controlled environment can be fixed is when there is a puddle on the field and one goes cleans it up with a squeezer.
Lesson 8.2
Answer
What is the reason we use the DRABC routine when someone gets injured?
DRABC is short for:
▪ Danger ▪ Response ▪ Airway ▪ Breathing ▪ Circulation
We use the DRABC to keep the person breathing until the ambulance comes to help further.
As without oxygen, the brain is damaged within just three to four minutes and dead within ten.
Why is it important to check for danger before you rush to help a casualty?
- Check for danger first, such as equipment in the way, electricity, gas, fire or fumes.
- Your own safety comes first, so make sure you do not put yourself in danger by helping someone else. Call for help immediately.
- If there is no danger, clear the area around the casualty.
How can you tell if a person is unconscious?
- Shake the casualty gently by the shoulders and shout ‘can you hear me?’
- If the casualty shows a response, he/she is conscious.
- If the casualty can speak, find out where he/she is in pain. Take action if you can help such as bleeding, broken leg, etc.
- If there is no response the casualty is unconscious.
Do not respond if you are calling them and show no signs of being awake.
How do you ensure an airway is open?
The tongue can block the airway so:
- Loosen any tight clothing.
- Raise the chin and tilt the head back to open the airway fully.
- Remove any obvious obstruction such as a gum.
- Make use of a tissue to remove any vomit.
How should you check for breathing?
- Look for the chest rising and falling. Listen for breathing sounds. Feel for breath on your cheek.
- If the casualty is breathing, place him/her in the recovery position.
What should we not do if we suspect a spinal injury?
When calling an ambulance be clear to specify what the injury of the casualty is and where he/she stands. For an ambulance dial 112.
Important Point:
- We must not move an injured sportsperson if we are at all worried about a spinal injury. Signs of this would be head injuries, back injuries, unknown cause
of unconsciousness, casualty cannot move, casualty doesn’t feel the legs or arms, etc
In an emergency we must:
- assess the situation
- make everyone safe
- send for medical help
- give emergency aid
How do you check for circulation?
- Check the pulse under the ear or from the wrist.
- The pulse shows the heart is beating and the blood circulating. So you need to give mouth-to-mouth ventilation to restore breathing (the kiss of life).
- If there is no pulse you need to give both cardiac message and mouth-to-mouth ventilation, to restore circulation and breathing.
What signs show that a casualty is suffering from a spinal injury?
If they cannot move or can not feel their arms and legs. because the person will be paralyzed and we should not move them until the ambulance arrives
Should we move a casualty who we think has a spinal injury? Explain
- We must not move an injured sportsperson if we are at all worried about a spinal injury.
- Signs of this would be head injuries, back injuries, unknown cause of unconsciousness, casualty cannot move, casualty doesn’t feel the legs or arms, etc
Why should we give details of the casualty to the ambulance when we call?
So the ambulance personnel and the hospital can know what to be prepared for.
Lesson 8.3
Give another name for mouth-to-mouth ventilation.
Another name for mouth to mouth is the kiss of life or CPR
Explain the process in your own words of mouth-to-mouth ventilation.
Mouth to mouth is when a person stops breathing and need oxygen to keep on living
a. You clear their air way and you remove any obstructions
b. Tilt there head backwards to open the air way as much as possible
c. Put your cheek as close as possible to the other persons moth to feel for any breathing and listen for any breathing noises
d. If they aren’t breathing close their nose and blow through there mouth
e. If their chest is not inflating simple do the Heimlich Manoeuvre to get rid of any obstruction in the air way
f. You have check their pulse before continuing with chest compressions
g. If its working do it for 5 to 6 second swich to chest compression and repeat till they are breathing
What does cardiac arrest mean?
Cardiac arrest is when your heart just stops and blood circulation stops this usually happens during a heart attack
Is the CPR used for children the same as for adults? Explain.
For CPR on young children the adjustments are that you have to breath at much less pressure than u would for adults. : One should do the CPR with one hand on a child, rather than two hands. Breathing should be shallower too for children.
What are the advantages of having two helpers for a casualty?
If we have two people one can do the chest compressions and one will do mouth to mouth and in that way you will get less tired.
Explain why mouth-to-mouth ventilation is always combined with cardiac message.
The two are combined so that the oxygen in the blood as well Cardiac Massage is a procedure of compressing the heart so that blood is forced out of it and round the body. It should be united with mouth-to-mouth ventilation so that the blood gets oxygen as well.
Why is the recovery position a safe position for an unconscious breathing person
The recovery position works because the person tongue can’t get stuck in their throat and they are then not able to breath. Putting someone in the recovery position will keep their airway clear and open.
Lesson 8.4
What are closed (simple) fractures?
Simple Fractures is when a bone breaks but dose not go through the skin
Whats the difference between hard tissue injuries and soft tissue injuries? Give an example for each.
Hard tissue injury happens at a joint and there will be damaged the ligament around that joint, it will be difficult to tell the different between a fracture and a dislocation
A dislocated finger
A soft tissue is when u over stretch or tear a ligament this would be a example of a twisted ankle. Hard tissue injuries are much more serious and dangerous than soft tissue injuries.
Mention four signs and symptoms of fractures.
Movement is very limited and hurts a lot
Swelling appears by the joint and is followed later by bruising
What is a dislocation?
When u dislocate is when you pop a bone out of its socket and its looks out of place and has to be put back in place before you can use it again
Mention two signs which show that a person has a dislocation.
Swelling or bruising
Severe sickening pain
Signs of shocked
Difficulty in moving the limb normally
What happens when someone sprains a ligament? What should be done?
RICE
R – Rest
I – Ice
C – Compression
E – Elevation
A footballer has just sprained his ankle. What should be done? Explain.
He should ice his ankle and he must try stay off it for a couple day and do both as much as possible and when ever he gets the chance raise his leg.
Will massaging an injury help the injured person?
Messaging does not help because it increases bleeding and will help the injury if it’s a muscle by relaxing the muscle
Lesson 8.5
Answer
What is a strain? How could you prevent it?
A strain is when you over pull or twist or wrench a muscle in a way where the muscle cannot take more.
Explain how you can treat a pulled muscle
We can treat a strained muscle or pulled muscles by following the rice routine
Who suffers from tennis elbow? Mention a type of treatment for tennis elbow
Tennis elbow is a common injury with athletes who play a sport with a racket
How would you treat cramp in your calf muscle?
You treat it by stretching and drinking a lot of water, when the muscle is relaxed massage it gently
What causes a stitch?
A stitch is caused by food or water moving up or down in your body and is a cramp in the diaphragm and also if one is not fit.
Mention two practical examples how winding occurs
Being winded is when you take a big blow to the abdomen from an elbow or fall really hard
Mention the steps you should take to treat a cut
a. Cover cut with clean cloth
b. Raise part of the body to reduce the blood flow
c. Apply pressure to area till bleeding stops
d. If blood seeps through cloth do not remove and a new cloth or bandage
e. When bleeding stops tie the Pad firmly
f. If blood is shooting out the cut you must call an ambulance as a main artery has been cut
What are bruises? Mention a few signs of bruises
Bruises are cuts that are cut open under the skin the bleeding happens under the skin. A few signs are: pain and swelling in the bruised area and skin discolouration
During a game of football, a player performs a sliding tackle on a gravelled pitch and gets grazed. Mention another name for this yype of injury and show how you can treat it.
Abrasions or a graze would have to be cleaned and the wound will be healed naturally cover it with a plaster if about to train again.
Lesson 8.6
What causes concussion? How should we treat it?
A concussion is caused by a sudden blow to the head although it doesn’t have to be a hard hit to be a concussion
State the difference between primary and true shock
The difference between Primary shock and true shock is that primary shock happens when you experience a emotional or traumatic event and true shock is when you have a serious physical injury and the person collapse and they have to be treated in the hospital
How should we treat shock?
You should give the person space and you and call an ambulance and while the ambulance in on the way you should keep the person warm and there legs elevated to get most of the blood to the vital organs
What happens when a person is suffering from hypothermia?
Hypothermia is when someone body temperature drops below 35 degrees, and this would happen when you have been in the rain and cold wind or in cold water for to long and you are tired
Who usually suffers from hypothermia?
The sports who are most vulnerable to hypothermia are Sailing, canoeing and mountain /hill climbing. Old people tend to suffer too.
What preventions should be taken so that athletes do not suffer from hypothermia?
You should plan it carefully and have the right equipment and have some spare clothes and dress for the correct weathe
Give another name for hyperthermia. Mention two signs of hyperthermia
Heat exhaustion (overheating) - weak or slow breathing , skin is pale , grey , damp and sweaty
How can we treat hyperthermia?
Keep the person cool and raise their legs and make sure they drink a lot of water
What preventions should one take to avoid heat stroke or heat exhaustion?
Take plenty of fluids before and after training and dressing appropriately for the heat
Lesson 9.1
Write in your own words the meaning of leisure.
Leisure is the part of the day when you do an activity that you find relaxing and you enjoy example sleeping and maybe watching some tv or Netflix
Does PE in school count as recreation? Explain.
Yes, PE counts as recreation and because it is a form of exercise and active work where you do forget for a while about your problems and do relive some stress and pressure PE is like any other subject and even though it consists mainly of physical activities it has to be tackled by all students whether they like it or not. So strictly speaking it cannot be counted as a recreation.
Mention two physical recreational activities.
Cycling, swimming
Mention two non-physical recreational activities.
Reading, pottery
What are the reasons for participating in physical recreation? Give an example for each.
You become healthy and you avoid illnesses and relieves stress and if you join a club you become much more social and make more friends
Explain why a friendly game of tennis after school is recreation rather than sport.
It is recreation because you are socialising, and you are having fun and not going your hardest and having fun instead of trying to win
Is it a leisure activity? Explain why. a.playing basketball during break at school, b.eating meals at home, c.going to the cinema, d.sleeping at night, e.cycling to school, f.playing cards with your friends
a. Yes, as it is a way you relax during break
b. No as it has to be done
c. Yes, it is what you choose to do during your time
d. No as it is a necessity
e. Yes, as we can choose to take the bus or have our parents drop us of, but we choose to take our bike
f. Yes, as we choose to do this in the time, we have
What happens when physical recreation becomes a daily routine with a competitive element in it?
It is no longer a recreation but is now part of the daily routine and we do it if we fell like it or not
Lesson 9.2
Give two examples of physical recreation that: a) people tend to give up in their late thirties or forties. b) you could carry on into old age
a. Gymnastics and rugby
b. Swimming and Golf
Name two sports that have been traditionally popular in Malta.
Bocce and Water polo
Why do men practice more sport than women? Give three reasons.
Men take part in more sport than women because – Men are stronger than women, Men can play the more physical sport more than women can, there is a greater demand for men’s sport
What is a peer group?
A peer group is a group of friends with similar interests and if they do not play sport you may find yourself dropping out of the sport and visa versa
Give an example from real life how a peer group can influence somebodys choice of activity.
If you have a group of friend and they all play tennis and you don’t and you hear about them training together and playing together you want to join the club to be able to play with them
Mention two reasons how money can influence somebodys recreational activity.
Money affects what recreation you do because if you can’t afford it you cant play the sport in ice hockey if you can’t afford the padding you wont be able to play the sport or you will put your self in danger
How can a family encourage a child to take part in recreational activities?
Family play a big role in the sport you choose to play for example I you have older brothers and sister and they play a particular sport you are likely to play that sport as well because you have probably helped them train for it or played against them in the yard. Supporting them by providing transport, watching them play games, etc.
How can a family discourage a child to take part in recreational activities?
If a family shows no interest in the sport you will want to stop the sport because there is no feedback and support from your parents or siblings. A family can discourage a child to take part in recreational activities by not taking them to the activities, not watching their games/shows and by not showing any interest in sports.
