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Animal Biology > Cells and Transport > Flashcards

Cells and Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA and chromosomes) , controls processes such as growth and cell division .

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2
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus ?

A

Synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to produce ribosomes

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3
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria ?

A

Site of cellular respiration , Produces ATP (energy) from nutrients within the cell .

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4
Q

What is the function of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)?

A

Works with Ribosomes to help to make and store proteins

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5
Q

What is the function of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) ?

A

Produces and stores Lipids (Fats) and Steroids

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6
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus ?

A

Sorts and modifies proteins into vesicles , that have arrived from the rough ER

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7
Q

What is the function of a Lysosome ?

A

Digests waste products by using digestive enzymes

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8
Q

What is the function of the Cell membrane / Plasma membrane ?

A

Encloses the cells contents , Controls flow of substances in and out of the cell

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9
Q

What is the function of cilia ?

A

move liquid past the surface of the cell , helps the cell to move

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10
Q

What is the function of Ribosomes ?

A

Site of protein synthesis

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11
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton ?

A

helps a cell keep its shape and gives strength and support

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12
Q

What is the function of the centrioles ?

A

spindle formation during cell replication

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13
Q

What is the function of the Peroxisomes ?

A

contain enzymes that function in detoxification

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14
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleus

A

Fully enclosed nuclear membrane , contains the cells DNA and chromosomes , nucleolus located within the nucleus

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15
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleolus

A

Located within the nucleus , takes up 25% of the nucleus, surrounded by chromatin

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16
Q

Describe the structure of the mitochondria

A

It consists of a double membrane; outer membrane is smooth the inner membrane is folded(cristae.) , Oval shaped

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17
Q

Describe the structure of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum ( Rough ER)

A

Found within the cytoplasm , has ribosomes attached to the outside of it (gives the rough appearance )

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18
Q

Describe the structure of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ( Smooth ER)

A

Consists of a long network of folded tube like structures (cisternae), inside of the organelle enclosed by a phospholipid membrane

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19
Q

Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus

A

Stacks of flattened, membrane-bound sacs (cisternae)

20
Q

Describe the structure of the Lysosome

A

spherical , membrane bound , outer membrane allows substances to enter into the organelle , 0.1 - 1.2 mm

21
Q

Describe the structure of the plasma membrane / cell membrane

A

Surrounds the whole of the cell , made up of proteins and lipids that form a phospholipid bilayer , selectively permeable

22
Q

Describe the structure of the cilia

A

slender, microscopic, hair-like structures

23
Q

Describe the structure of the Ribosome

A

Made of protein and RNA , found within the cytoplasm or attached to the Rough ER

24
Q

Describe the structure of the cytoskeleton

A

A network of protein fibers also contains , microtubules , actin filaments and intermediate filaments

25
Q

Describe the structure of the centrioles

A

small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way

26
Q

Describe the structure of the peroxisome

A

Contain oxidative enzymes

27
Q

What is the formula for calculating magnification ?

A

Image size / Object size = Magnification

Scale bar image / actual scale bar length = Magnification

28
Q

What is the formula for calculating actual size ?

A

Image size / magnification = actual size

29
Q

What is mitosis ?

A

Cell division that generates new cells for growth and repair. The division of one cell into two genetically identical daughter cells

30
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

chromosomes condense and thicken

31
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell , nucleus disassembles

32
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

The chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell

33
Q

What happens during telophase ?

A

nuclear envelopes form around the identical sets of chromosomes at the two poles of the cell. the chromosomes uncoil

34
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

division of the cytoplasm

35
Q

Name 4 methods of active transport

A

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Pinocytosis and phagocytosis

36
Q

Name 3 methods of passive transport

A

Osmosis

Simple diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

37
Q

What is endocytosis ?

A

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.

38
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

When materials leave the vacuole within the cell and are exported out of the cell

39
Q

Describe phagocytosis

A

The cells plasma membrane surrounds a molecule which wants to enter into the cell such as a food particle , in the extracellular environment this buds off to form a vacuole which can enter the cells through the plasma membrane. This is then digested by the digestive enzymes

40
Q

What is meant by the term hypotonic ?

A

A solution with more water and less soultute

41
Q

What is meant by the term hypertonic ?

A

A solution with less water and more solute

42
Q

What is meant by the term isotonic ?

A

Equal parts of water and solute

43
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Low to high concentration

44
Q

What is active transport?

A

movement of molecules into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient , requires energy , low to high concentration

45
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Animal Biology (19 decks)

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