Cardiac Cycle

Question 1

Where is the apex located ?

Answer 1

Beside the chest wall in the 5th intercostal space midclavicular line

Question 2

What causes a delay between atria and ventricles depolarisation?

Answer 2

AV node

Question 3

What are the names of the 3 internodal tracts from the SA node?

Answer 3

Anterior internodal tract of Bachman, middle internodal tract of Wenckebach and posterior internodal tract of Thorell

Question 4

What are the names given when the heart beats and relaxes?

Answer 4

Systole - beats

Diastole - relaxes

Question 5

How are atria separated from ventricles ?

Answer 5

One way valves

Question 6

What is the name of the wave associated with the 3 main pathways from the SA node?

Answer 6

P wave

Question 7

What is an ECG?

Answer 7

A reading of the electrical activity of the heart and due to the body being mostly compressed of water, any electrical charge developed in the heart can be detected by placing electrodes on the surface of the skin.

Question 8

Where do the ventricles begin to become depolarised?

Answer 8

Starting at the interventricular septum on the LHS then turning right.

Question 9

What does the QRS complex show us?

Answer 9

Shows us the the ventricles have been activated to contract and that they have been depolarised.

Question 10

How is repolarisation of the ventricles noticed on an ECG?

Answer 10

T wave

Question 11

When you breath in your heart rate goes ________ and when you breath out your heart rate goes ________.

Answer 11

Up

Down

Question 12

Why does hr increase when we breath in.

Answer 12

When the lungs inflate, they cause the vagus nerve to turn off and this nerve is what causes the hr to decrease.

Question 13

What causes Stokes Adams syndrome?

Answer 13

Atria contract at a much faster rate than the ventricles and a patient with Stokes Adams syndrome cannot get up without passing out as the pumping is so inefficient.

Question 14

What is an Ectopic foci?

Answer 14

When a part of the heart which doesn’t normally give off a beat generated an electrical signal which travels through the heart and can render that part of the heart refractory or disrupt the signal.
It can cause an extra systole.

Question 15

What is re-entry phenomena ?

Answer 15

Signals going from ventricles to atria and it causes electrical activation that is uncontrolled and can cause many problems.

Question 16

What is atria tachycardia?

Answer 16

When the atria beat too fast

Question 17

What is Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 17

When the ventricles beat too fast with rapid onset.

Question 18

How to treat atrial and ventricular fibrilliation?

Answer 18

Cardio conversion - Defibrillation

Question 19

What makes the sounds of the heart?

Answer 19

Closure of valves
“Lubb” - closure of AV valves
“Dubb” - closure of aortic and pulmonary artery valves

Question 20

Why can you hear a third heart sound in some individuals?

Answer 20

You can hear a third sound of blood gushing into the heart in young individuals with thin chest walls and this is heard a third way through diastole.
This is due to rapid ventricular filling.

Question 21

When is a bruit (heart murmur) caused?

Answer 21

Blood passing through a narrow opening (stenotic) very fast causing a squirting sound

Question 22

What are systolic murmurs down to?

Answer 22

Aortic or pulmonary stenosis or AV valves insufficiency (on the beat)

Question 23

What are diastolic murmurs down to ?

Answer 23

Aortic or pulmonary insufficiency or AV valve stenosis (off the beat)