Enzyme characteristic - common feature

Question 1

example of using enzymes for survival

Answer 1

firefly and bombardier beetle

Question 2

firefly

Answer 2

light

using luciferase

Question 3

bombardier beetle

Answer 3

use catalase - eject boil acid

Question 4

example role for enzymes - 6

Answer 4

food digestion (pepsin)
blood clotting (thrombin)
pressure (ACE
defence (lysozyme)
breakdown of drugs (cytochrome p450)
routine cell process

Question 5

types of reaction

Answer 5

anabolic
catabolic
interconversion

Question 6

anabolic

Answer 6

small to large

Question 7

catabolic

Answer 7

larger to small

Question 8

interconversion

Answer 8

reaction at equilibrium

Question 9

enzyme classification

Answer 9

most end in -ase and common name like trypsin
category names
enzyme commission number - 4 digit

Question 10

category names - how it starts

Answer 10

start with same part being broken down

Question 11

enzyme commission number

Answer 11

class . subclass . sub-subclass . serial

Question 12

6 classes

Answer 12

oxidoreductase
transferase
hydrolase
lyase
isomerase
ligase

Question 13

oxiderductase

Answer 13

transfer e-

Question 14

transferase

Answer 14

transfer chemical groups like methyl

Question 15

hydrolase

Answer 15

break bond with water

Question 16

lyases

Answer 16

involve double bond

Question 17

isomerase

Answer 17

transfer of group in molecule

two different substrate modify single molecules

Question 18

ligase

Answer 18

form bonds using ATP

Question 19

enzyme necessary - pace of life

Answer 19

2H2O2 -> 2H2O + O2 - H2O2 is dangerous and requires 41 years to remove
therefore using catalase enzyme - 1s to break down

Question 20

enzyme necessary - condition of life - temp and pH

Answer 20

body temp 37 degrees and 7pH

increase rate - increase temp and pH which destroy cell but enzyme - no high temp needed

Question 21

rate of reaction depend on

Answer 21

speed of 1 reaction - rate constant

number of reaction happening simultaneously

Question 22

enzyme in reaction

Answer 22

reduces activation energy

Question 23

how energy relate to speed - distribution, Ea

Answer 23

uneven distribution of energy
enzyme shifts Ea to left therefore more molecules undergo reaction
each has Ea of 5KJ/mol = 10x faster

Question 24

enzyme potency

Answer 24

how many times faster with enzyme

e.g. OMP decarboxylase from 78 million yrs to 18ms therefore rate is 10(17)

Question 25

enzyme properties

Answer 25

reusable - save resources
specific - only desired reaction
efficient - 100% yield of product
controllable - start/stop reaction

Question 26

active site properties

Answer 26

small part of enzyme
contain binding site and catalytic residue
source of substrate - range of substrate - all have that group therefore enzyme specificity
provide alternative route that requires less energy

Question 27

lock and key (fischer)

Answer 27

size / shape filter

bind affinity - substrate bind to E

Question 28

induced fact (koshland)

Answer 28

loose and approximate, bind and changes to correct shape

charge in active site and substrate - attract opposite charge

Question 29

stereo-specificity

Answer 29

characterise enzymes

Ogston 3-point binding

Question 30

Ogston 3-point binding

Answer 30

active site has 3 points to have stereospecificity

Question 31

stereospecificity determined by

Answer 31

3D arrangement of residues
its chemical properties
form catalytic triad

Question 32

catalytic triade

Answer 32

only 3 a.a carefully positioned in actual catalysis

Question 33

active site also contains

Answer 33

metal cofactor
coenzyme
prosthetic groups

Question 34

metal cofactor

Answer 34

small, dense +ve charge

breaks groups like phosphate group using Mg2+ or Zn2+

Question 35

coenzyme

Answer 35

organic molecule - provide/remove groups
derived by vitamins
act as H shuttle in Redox reaction
no. coenzyme remains same - moving H around

Question 36

example of coenzyme

Answer 36

NADH -> NAD+ - H transferred to S and leaves as P

Question 37

prosthetic groups

Answer 37

e.g. Flavin, Haem (catalase)
organic and quite large
post translationally modified protein and also metals as well