Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Applied Behavior Analysis > ABA Terms > Flashcards

ABA Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Determinism

A

The assumption the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur as the results of other events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Empiricism

A

The Practice of Objective Observation of the phenomena of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Experimentation

A

A carefully conducted comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time differs from one condition to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Replication

A

Repeating experiments to determine the reliability and usefulness of findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parsimony

A

Simple, logical explanations must be ruled out, experimentally or conceptually, before complex or abstract explanations are considered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Philosophical Doubt

A

Continually questioning the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Behaviorism - Theoretical and Philosophical

A

A systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals. Emphasizes the direct observation of the relationship between environmental stimuli and the response they evoke (S - R)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Experimental Analysis of Behavior - Basic Research

A

A natural science approach for discovering orderly and reliable relations between behavior and various types of environmental variables of which it is a function; discovers reliable relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Radical Behaviorism

A

Attempts to explain all behavior, including private events, such as thinking and feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mentalism

A

An approach to understanding behavior that assumed that a mental or inner dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Methodological Behaviorism

A

A philosophical position that considers behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed to be outside the real of science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis - Applied Research

A

The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Response

A

A specific instance of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Response Topography

A

The physical shape or form of a behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Response Class

A

A group of responses of varying topography, which all produce the same effect on the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stimulus Class

A

A group of stimuli that share specified common elements along formal, temporally, and functionally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Respondent Behavior

A

Elicited by antecedent stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Operant Behavior

A

Selected by consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ontogeny

A

Lifetime of an individual Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Phylogeny

A

History of Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function Based Definitions

A

Members in the response class have the same effect on the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Topography Based Definitions

A

Members in the response class have the same shape or form of the behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Repeatability (Measurable dimension of behavior)

A

Instance of a response class occur repeatedly through time (Behavior can be counted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Temporal Extent (Measurable dimension of behavior)

A

Every instance of behavior occurs during some amount of time (the duration fo behavior can be measured)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Temporal Locus (Measurable dimension of behavior)

A

Every instance of behavior occurs at a certain point in time with respect to other events (When behavior occurs can be measured)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rate (or frequency)

A

The number of responses per unit of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Celeration

A

Measure of the change in rate of responding per unit of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Duration

A

The amount of time in which behavior occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Response Latency

A

A measure of the elapsed time between the onset of a stimulus and the initiation of a subsequent response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Interresponse time

A

The amount of time that elapses between two consecutive instances of a response class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Trials to Criterion

A

A measure of the number of response opportunities needed to achieve a predetermined level of performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Magnitude

A

the force or intensity with which a response is emitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Planned Activity Check (PLACHECK)

A

the observer records whether each individual group is engaged in the target behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Validity

A

Yields data that is directly relevant to the phenomenon measured and to the reasons for measuring it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Accuracy

A

The extent to which the observed value matches the true state or true value of the event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

True Value

A

A measure ontained by procedures that are independent of and different from the procedures that produced the data being evaluated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Reliability

A

A measurement procedure yields the same value when brought into repeated contact with the same state of nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Horizontal Axis in a Line Graph

A

the x axis; a straight horizontal line that represents the passage of time and the presence, absence, and/or value o the IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Vertical Axis in a Line Graph

A

Y axis; represents a range of values of the dependent variable (some quantifiable dimension of behavior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Data Points on a Graph

A

Represent a quantifiable measure of the target behavior recorded during an observation period and the time or experimental conditions under which the particular measurement was conducted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Standard Celeration Chart

A

Charts and analyzes how frequency of behavior changes over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Variability with Graphs

A

The frequency and degree to which multiple measures of behavior yield different outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Level with Graphs

A

The value on the vertical axis around which a series of data points converges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Trend with Graphs

A

The overall direction taken by a data path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

External Validity

A

The degree to which a study’s results are generalizable to other subject’s settings and/or behaviors; or when a functional relation in an experiment holds under different conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Parametric Study

A

compares the differential effects of a range of different values of the IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Internal Validity

A

When an experiment demonstrates a clear functional relation between the IV and the target behavior

48
Q

Treatment integrity/Procedural Fidelity

A

the extent to which the IV is implemented or carried out as planned

49
Q

Direct Replication

A

when a researcher duplicates the exact conditions of an earlier experiment

50
Q

Systematic replication

A

when the researcher purposely varies one or more aspects of an earlier experiment

51
Q

Social Validity

A

the social significance of the target behavior, the appropriateness of the procedures, and the social importance of the results

52
Q

Type 1 Error

A

When a researcher concludes the IV had an effect on the DV when it did not

53
Q

Type II Error

A

When a researcher concludes the IC did not have an effect on the DV when it did

54
Q

Reinforcer

A

The stimulus change responsible for the increase in responding

55
Q

Unconditioned Reinforcer

A

stimuli that function as reinforcement without requiring a learning history; from phylogenic development

56
Q

Conditioned reinforcers

A

previously neutral stimuli that function as reinforcers as result of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers

57
Q

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

A

a conditioned reinforcer that as a result of having been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers does not depend on a current EO for any particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness

58
Q

Premack Principle

A

Making the opportunity to engage in high probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of low frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low frequency behavior

59
Q

Escape Contingency

A

Responding terminates the ongoing stimulus

60
Q

Avoidance Contingency

A

Responding delays or prevents the presentation of a stimulus

61
Q

Discriminated Avoidance

A

Responding in the presence of a signal prevents the stimulus presentation

62
Q

Free - Operant Avoidance

A

Responding at any time prevents stimulus presentation

63
Q

Unconditioned Negative Reinforcers

A

Stimuli whose removal strengthens behavior in the absence of prior learning

64
Q

Conditioned Negative Reinforcers

A

Stimuli whose removal strengthens behavior as a result of previous pairing with other negative reinforcers

65
Q

Social Negative Reinforcement

A

Stimulus termination through the action of another person

66
Q

Automatic Negative Reinforcement

A

Stimulus termination as a direct result of a response

67
Q

Punishment is more effective when…

A
  • the onset of the punisher occurs as soon as possible after the occurrence of a target response
  • The intensity of the punisher is high
  • Each occurrence of the bx is followed by the punishing consequence
  • Reinforcement is reduced and available for alternative behavior
68
Q

Behavioral Contrast

A

Reduced responding from punishment in one situation may be accompanied by increased responding in situations in which responses are unpunished

69
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

when an antecedent stimulus has a history of evoking a response that has been reinforced in its presence, there is a general tendency for similar stimuli to also evoke the same response

70
Q

Stimulus Discrimination Training

A
  • Requires one behavior and two antecedent stimuli
  • Responses are reinforced in the presence of one stimulus condition (sD) but responses are not reinforced in the presence of other stimulus (S Delta)
71
Q

Antecedent stimuli class

A

a set of stimuli that share a common relationship and elicit the same respondent behavior

72
Q

Feature Stimulus Class

A

stimuli share common physical forms or common relative relations

73
Q

Arbitrary Stimulus Class

A

stimuli that evoke the same response but they do not share a common stimulus feature

74
Q

Reflexivity

A

In the absence of training and reinforcement, a response will select a stimulus that is matches to itself.
A = A

75
Q

Symmetry

A

Occurs with the reversibility of the sample stimulus and comparison stimulus
A = B then B = A

76
Q

Transitivity

A

A derived untrained stimulus relation that emerges as a product of training two other stimulus - stimulus relations

A = B and B = C

Spoken word bike - The picture of a bike
Then The picture of a bike = the written work bike

77
Q

Imitation

A
  • Any physical movement to model imitation and the model is the antecedent stimulus that evokes it
  • The imitation must occur within 3 seconds
  • The model and behavior have formal similarity
  • The model is the controlling variable
78
Q

Formal Similarity

A

When the model and behavior physically resemble each other

79
Q

Differential Reinforcement

A

A procedure in which reinforcement is provided for responses that share a predetermined dimension or quality and in which reinforcement is withheld for responses that do not demonstrate that quality

80
Q

Response Differentiation

A

When differential reinforcement is applied consistently within a response class, its dual effects result in a new response class composed primarily of response sharing the characteristics of the previously reinforced subclass

81
Q

Behavior Chain

A

A specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition

82
Q

Behavior Chain with a Limited Hold

A

A sequence of behaviors must be performed correctly and within a specific time for reinforcement to be delivered

83
Q

Task Analysis

A

Breaking a complex skill into smaller teachable units the product of which is a series of sequentially ordered steps or tasks

84
Q

Extinction

A

when reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued

85
Q

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)

A

Reinforces a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the problem behavior and withholds reinforcement following the instance of problem behavior

86
Q

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior

A

reinforces occurrences of a behavior that provides a desirable alternative to the problem behavior but is not necessarily incompatible

87
Q

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior

A

Deliver a reinforcer whenever the problem behavior has not occurred during or at a specific times

88
Q

Fixed Interval DRO (FI - DRO)

A
  • interval of time is established
  • delivers reinforcement at the end of the interval if the problem behavior did not occur during the interval
  • Resets interval timer when problem behavior occurs
89
Q

Variable Interval DRO (VI-DRO)

A

Reinforcement is delivered contingent on the absence of the targeted behavior during intervals of varying and unpredictable durations

90
Q

Fixed Momentary DRO (FM - DRO_) and Variable Momentary DRO (VM - DRO)

A

reinforcement is contingent on the.absence of the problem behavior only when the interval ends (not throughout the entire interval)

91
Q

Differential Reinforcement of low rates (DRL)

A

when reinforcement is applied as an intervention to reduce occurrences of a behavior but not completely eliminate it

e.g. constant hand raising

92
Q

Full Session DRL

A

Reinforcement is delivered at the end of a session if during the entire session the target bx occurred at a number equal to or below. predetermined criterion

93
Q

Interval DRL

A

a session is divided into equal intervals of time and reinforcement is provided at the end of each interval in which the number of occurrences of problem bx is at or below a predetermined criterion.

94
Q

Spaced Responding DRL

A

reinforcement is delivered following an occurrence of a response that is separated by at least a minimum amount of time from the previous response

95
Q

Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR)

A

an antecedent intervention in which stimuli with known reinforcing properties are delivered on a fixed time or variable time schedule independent of the learner’s behavior

96
Q

Functional Communication Training (FCT)

A

Establishes appropriate communicative behavior to compete with problem behaviors evoked by an establishing operation (EO)

97
Q

Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)

A

hypotheses about the relations among specific types of environmental events and behaviors
- identifies reinforcers maintaining problem behavior

98
Q

Verbal Behavior

A

Behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of another person’s behavior
- A social interaction between speakers and listeners

99
Q

Mand

A

A verbal operant in which the form of the response is under the functional control of motivating operations and specific reinforcement

100
Q

Tact

A

A verbal operant under the functional control of nonverbal discriminative stimulus and it produces generalized conditioned reinforcement

101
Q

Echoic

A

A verbal operant that consists of a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point to point correspondence and formal similarity

102
Q

Formal Similarity

A

when the controlling antecedent stimulus and the response product share the same sense mode and physically resemble each other

103
Q

Intraverbal

A

A verbal operant that consists of a verbal discriminative stimulus that evokes a verbal response that does not have point to point correspondence

104
Q

Textual Relation

A

A verbal operant that consists of a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point to point correspondence between the stimulus and response but no formal similarity

105
Q

Transcription Relation

A

A verbal operant that consists of a verbal discriminative stimulus that controls a written or typed response with point to point correspondence but no formal similarity

106
Q

Contingency/Behavioral Contract

A

a document that specifies a contingent relationship between the completing of a specified behavior and access to a specified reward
- specifies how two people will behave toward each other

107
Q

Token Economy

A

A behavior change system entailing a specified list of target behaviors, token or points received, and a menu of back up reinforcers for purchase

108
Q

Independent Group Contingency

A

A contingency is presented to all members of a group but reinforcement is delivered to only those members who meet the criterion

109
Q

Dependent Group Contingency

A

The reward for the whole group is dependent on the performance of an individual student or group

110
Q

Interdependent Group Contingency

A

All members of a group meet the criterion of the contingency before any member earns the reward

111
Q

Response Maintenace

A

The extent to which a learner continues to perform the target behavior after a portion or all of the intervention is terminated

112
Q

Setting/Situation Generalization

A

the extent to which a learner emits the target behavior in a setting that is different from the instructional setting

113
Q

Response Generalization

A

The learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior

114
Q

Multiple Exemplar Training

A

instruction that provides practice with a variety of response topographies helps to ensure the acquisition of desired response forms and also promotes response generalization

115
Q

Programming Common Stimuli

A

including typical features of the generalization setting into the instructional setting

116
Q

Teaching loosely

A

randomly varying noncritical aspects of the instructional setting within and across teaching sessions

Applied Behavior Analysis (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions