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Midwifery Practice 1 Exam > Hand Hygeine and Infection Control > Flashcards

Hand Hygeine and Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we carry out hand hygiene?

A

The world health organisation state that hand hygiene reduces the transmission. of microorganisms

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2
Q

What is hand hygiene?

A

The removal of microorganisms and their debris by mechanical means or destruction

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3
Q

What are the 5 moments of Hand Hygiene? (WHO)

A
  1. Before patient contact
  2. Before clean/aseptic technique
  3. After body fluid exposure risk
  4. After patient contact
  5. After contact with patient surroundings
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4
Q

What are the indications for hand hygiene?

A

According to skills for midwifery practice
Before and after direct contact
After exposure to body fluids
Hands feel or look dirty (visibly soiled)
After using the toilet
After removing gloves
Prior to aseptic technique
Before and after eating or preparing food

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5
Q

What are the different types of hand hygiene techniques?

A

Social/routine
Hygienic/clinical
Surgical

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6
Q

What is social/routine hand hygiene?

A

Removes microorganisms

Use liquid soap for at least 15 seconds

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7
Q

What is hygienic/clinical hand hygiene?

A

Prior to aseptic technique
Use of approved antiseptic hand cleanser
Removes transient microorganisms

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8
Q

What is surgical hand hygiene?

A

Prior to operating theatre

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9
Q

What is asepsis?

A

The absence of sepsis or infection

Free from pathogenic microorganisms achieved by aseptic technique

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10
Q

What is medical (standard) asepsis?

A

Achieved by non touch technique

It aims to reduce the risk of pathogenic microorganisms

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11
Q

What is surgical asepsis?

A

It requires aseptic field which is covered by sterile towels to hold sterile instruments.
This aims to remove all pathogens

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12
Q

What is meant by clean?

A

Removing dirt to achieve asepsis

Not satisfactory standard for invasive procedure

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13
Q

What is meant by sterile?

A

Free from microorganisms

Not possible to achieve in a typical healthcare setting

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14
Q

What is a clean surface?

A

Surface wiped clean with a clinical wipe to remove dust and soil

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15
Q

Explain the procedure when washing hands

A

The World Health Organisation advise to

  1. Wet hands with water and apply enough soap to cover all hand surfaces
  2. Dub hands palm to palm (circular)
  3. Rub back of hand with palm of other (fingers interlaced)
  4. Rub hands palm to palm with fingers interlocked
  5. Rub back of fingers to opposing palm with fingers interlocked
  6. Rub each thumb clasped in opposing hand (rotational)
  7. Rub tips of fingers in opposite palm (circular)
  8. Rinse hands
  9. Turn tap off with your elbow
  10. Dry each hand with seperate towel
  11. The world health organisation say it should take 40-60 seconds for entire procedure
  12. Repeat if hands still soiled
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16
Q

What is infection control?

A

Policies and procedures developed and implemented to prevent spread of infections among staff and patients

17
Q

What is a nosociomial infection?

A

Infection contracted while in hospital or healthcare facility

18
Q

Define Sepsis

A

Life threatening condition where body’s response to infection injures it’s own tissues and organs

19
Q

What are some body fluids?

A 
Blood 
Saliva 
Mucus 
Amniotic fluid 
Vomit 
Urine 
Faeces 
Breastfeeding 
Wound secretions 
Sputum 
Cerebrospinal fluid
20
Q

What are the routes transmission?

A 
Inanimate objects- equipment
Airborne- dust particles 
Droplets- coughing/sneezing 
Lack of hand washing 
Direct/indirect contact- touch
Ingestion- food/fluid
Vector- insects/rodents
21
Q

What is a latrogenic risk factor?

A

Caused by medical treatment

Pathogens on hands, invasive procedures (example catheters)

22
Q

What is a organisational risk factor?

A

Contaminated air con, water systems, nurse/patient ratio, beds close together, bed occupancy

23
Q

What is a patient risk factor?

A

Severity of illness, immunocompromised state, length of stay, pre-existing conditions

24
Q

What are the two types of skin organisms?

A

Transient and resident

25
Q

What is meant by transient?

A

Acquired from environment
Travel on hands temporarily
Transfer easily
Removed with hand hygiene

26
Q

What is meant by resident?

A 
Normal flora (healthy)
Deep in skin
Difficult to remove 
Don’t cross infect easily 
Could infect damaged skin
27
Q

What types of PPE is there?

A

Single-use (changed between service users)

Gloves 
Aprons 
Waterproof plasters of cuts 
Masks 
Goggles
28
Q

What is COSHH?

A

Control of substances hazardous to health

29
Q

What are infection risks for mother?

A 
Changes in urinary tract
Maternal immunosuppression
Raw placental site 
Retention of placental tissue 
Production of lochia 
Vaginal and vulva laceration 
Incisions following surgery 
Invasive procedures 
Breastfeeding 
Immature immune system in infant 
Exposure to body fluids
30
Q

What are the standard precautions of infection control?

A
  1. Patient placement
  2. Hand hygiene
  3. Respiratory and cough hygiene
  4. PPE
  5. Safe management of care equipment
  6. Safe management of care environment
  7. Safe management of linen
  8. Safe management of blood and body fluids
  9. Safe disposal of waste
  10. Occupational safety/managing prevention of exposure

Midwifery Practice 1 Exam (8 decks)

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