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Physical Agents in Rehabilitation > Review for Exam 1 > Flashcards

Review for Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ice increases viscosity true or false

A

true

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2
Q

prolonged ice increases spasticity true or false?

A

false

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3
Q

Why would you use thermo therapy?

A

increase extensibility, cause vasodilatation, increase metabolic rate, increases the pain threshold.

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4
Q

Would you do a manual muscle test after a hotpack?

A

no strength would be questionable

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5
Q

Ultra sound reflects off of bones true or false?

A

true, that means it will heat the periosteum

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6
Q

When deciding what modality to use, what three factors come into play?

A

pt. preference, quality research, and clinician experience.

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7
Q

What is the temp of hydrocollator

A

158-167

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8
Q

What is the temperature of paraffin

A

113-122

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9
Q

What is the temp for fluidotherapy

A

100-118

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10
Q

when setting up a contrast bath for someone who is hypersensitive what parameters would you use?

A

64-100 the more narrow numbers

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11
Q

How does ultrasound work?

A

the pieso electric effect

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12
Q

what are the parameters for ultrasound tissue healing?

A

duty cycle 20%

it will increase cell permeability

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13
Q

1 mgtz goes how deep?

A

5cm

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14
Q

Does metal get rapidly heated by ultrasound?

A

no

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15
Q

How should you respond to adverse effects during phonophoresis treatment?

A 
stop treatment
wash it off 
check the vital signs 
get the supervising PT
Documenting adverse effect
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16
Q

What type of diathermy is used in the united states?

A

short wave diathermy

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17
Q

Capacitive plates reflect off what tissue?

A

fat tissue

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18
Q

Are metal implants a precaution for diathermy?

A

yes

19
Q

What are the indications for thermotherapy?

A
  • Pain Control
  • Via gait control pain theory
  • Indirectly by dec muscle spasm, rec ischemia

Inc ROM

  • Due to soft tissue extensibility
  • Inc extensibility & viscoelasticity of periarticular structure

Accelerate healing
*Via inc circulation, enzymatic activity & availability of oxygen to

20
Q

What are the contraindications for thermotherapy?

A

Recent or potential hemorrhage

Thrombophlebitis

Impaired sensation

Impaired mentation

Malignant tumor

IR irradiation of eyes

21
Q

What are the precautions for thermotherapy?

A

Acute (First 72 Hours) injury/inflammation

Edema - (may do contrast bath for chronic)

Pregnancy

Impaired circulation

Poor thermoregulation

Cardiac insufficiency

Metal in area

Over open wound

Over area where topical counterirritant applied

Demyelinated nerves

22
Q

Thermotherapy Physiological Effects are:

A 
Vasodilation
Neuromuscular Effects
Inc Pain Threshold
Dec Muscle Strength
Inc Metabolic Rate Effects
Altered Tissue Extensibility
23
Q

Cryotherapy Physiological Effects are:

A 
Vasoconstriction
Inc blood Viscosity 
Delayed - Inc blood flow
Dec Nerve Conduction velocity 
Inc Pain Threshold
Altered Muscle Strength
Dec Spasticity 
Facilitate muscle contraction
Decrease Metabolic Rate Effects
24
Q

What are the application parameters for cold pack?

A

10-20min for pain, inflammation, edema
30 min for spasticity
23F
Gel ice stays cold longer

25
Q

What are the application parameters for ice massage?

A

5-10min

23 degrees F

26
Q

What are the parameters for Controlled Cold Compression?

A

Temp of water 50-59F
Cold consistent throughout
Various types of units - gain ready unit

27
Q

What is Vapocoolant Spray used for?

A

Used to relieve pain from trigger points

Facilitate stretching

28
Q

What are indications for cryotherapy?

A 
Control inflammation 
Reduce pain (acute)
Reduce edema
Reduce spasticity (slows nerve conduction)
Control symptoms of MS
Facilitate movement (quick ice)
29
Q

What are contraindications for cryotherapy?

A

Cold Hypersensitivity (vascular skin rxn)

Cold Intolerance (Severe pain, numbness, color changes)

Cryoglobulinemia (Disorder results in impaired circulation w. Exposure to cold)

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria(RBC in urine in response to cold)

Raynaud’s phenomenon (Significant blanching)

Over Regenerating peripheral nerves

Over area w. Compromised circulation

30
Q

What are the precautions for cryotherapy?

A

Over superficial main branch of nerve (elbow, face, hand)
Ex. Median Nerve
Over open wound.
Contamination issue and possible disrupt new tissue growth
Hypertension
Esp. for large sections of the body
Poor sensation or mentation
Poor sensation - be very mindful (vascularly compromised?)
Distress vs Benefit
Very young or very old
Cant regulate temperature very well

31
Q

What are ultrasound indications?

A

Phonophoresis

  • Enhance transdermal topical meds
  • anti-inflam. Meds
  • ex. Hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, salicylates,lidocaine

Inc soft tissue extensibility

Pain control via gait control, modification of underlying condition

Accelerate healing
*Surgical incisions

Tendon Injuries

  • Promotes healing
  • Dec inflammation

Ligament Injuries
*Accelerate healing

Bone fx
*Due to piezoelectric effect of bone on low dose US

32
Q

What are contraindications to ultrasound?

A

Malignant Tumor

Pregnancy (abdomen, low back, & pelvis)

CNS tissue

Joint cement

Plastic components

Pacemaker

Thrombophlebitis

Eyes

Reproductive Organs

33
Q

What are precautions for ultrasound?

A

Acute Inflammation
*Cld cause inc bleeding, pain, swelling

Epiphyseal Plates
*Xrays would need to determine if growth complete

FX
*High level US over fx is painful, may impair healing

Breast Implants
*Could rupture implant

34
Q

What are some adverse reactions to look for during ultrasound treatment?

A

Usually occur when US is contraindicated or not applied correctly

Burns - high intensity US or stationary application

Cross contamination/infection - 27% contaminated w.

Pain to periosteum

35
Q

What are they thermal effects of diathermy?

A 
Vasodilation
Inc. nerve conductivity
Elevation of pain threshold
Alt. muscle strength
Alt. enzymatic activity 
Inc. soft tissue extensibility
36
Q

What are the non thermal effects of diathermy?

A

Tissue Healing
Inc healing process via inc microvascular perfusion
Inc local circulation, inc tissue oxygenation, inc nutrient availability & phagocytosis
Alter cell membrane function (similar to US non-thermal)
Bone Healing

37
Q

What are indications for non-thermal diathermy?

A 
Non-thermal
Control pain & edema
Soft tissue healing
Nerve healing
Bone healing
OA symptoms
38
Q

What are contraindications to diathermy?

A
  • Implantable devices - ie pacemakers
  • Pregnancy
Thermal Diathermy
Metal implants (different than US)
Growing Epiphyses 
Malignancy
Eyes
Testes
39
Q

What are the precautions for diathermy?

A 
Obesity
Copper IUD
Skeletal immaturity 
For PT/PTA
Therapist should be 1-2m away from cont. Diathermy application
30-50cm away from PSWD
40
Q

What are some adverse effects to look out for when performing diathermy?

A

Fat tissue likely burned with capacitive plates

Pt’s skin must be kept dry, wrap with towel to avoid burns

41
Q

What is the method for heat transfer for hydrotherapy?

A

convection

42
Q

What temperature in necessary for cold induced vasodilation?

A

tissue temp of 50 degrees.

43
Q

What is the hunting response?

A

alternating vasoconstriction and dilation after 15min of prolonged ice.

44
Q

What type of fibers are most effected by cold temperature?

A

A- delta fibers because they are myelinated and small in diameter.

Physical Agents in Rehabilitation (9 decks)

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